LAMINAR FLOW Vs.TURBULENT FLOW : DIFFERENCE EXPLAINED !!!

In fluid flows, there are two distinct fluid behaviors experimentally observed. These behaviors were first observed by Sir Osborne Reynolds.We will discuss this in detail in this article.

Laminar Flow

1. The fluid flow in which the adjacent layers of the fluid do not mix with each other and moves parallel to each other, is called laminar flow.
2. In the laminar flow, the fluid layer moves in straight line.
3. The laminar flow always occurs when the fluid flow with low velocity and in small diameter pipes.
4. The fluid flow having Reynolds number less than 2000 is called laminar flow.
5. The fluid flow is very orderly i.e. there is no mixing of adjacent layers of the fluid and they move parallel to each other and also with the walls of the pipe.
6. Shear stress in laminar flow depends only on the viscosity of the fluid and independent of the density.

Turbulent Flow

1. The fluid flow in which the adjacent layers of the fluid cross each other and do not move parallel to each other, is called turbulent flow.
2. In turbulent flow the fluid layers do not moves in straight line. They move randomly in zigzag manner.
3. The turbulent flow occurs when the velocity of the fluid is high and it flows through larger diameter pipes.
4. The fluid flow having Reynolds number greater than 4000 is called turbulent flow.
5. The fluid does not flow in definite order. There is a mixing of different layers and they do not move parallel to each other but crosses each other.
6. The shear stress in turbulent flow depends upon its density.

The difference is summarized in table below.

Hope,you got a clear picture of the difference between the two types of flow.Share this article with your friends.

PUMP Vs. COMPRESSOR : DIFFERENCE EXPLAINED !!!

Pump and compressor both are hydraulic machines used to increase the energy of fluid. Both of these devices used in industries and for domestic work. Pump is a device which is used to move the fluid (water, liquid and gases) and increase its elevation. It is mostly used to supply fluid from low elevation to high elevation. A compressor is a device which is a mechanical device just like pump but it increases the potential energy of fluid by compressing it in a closed container.

The main difference between pump and compressor is that the pump is used to increase kinetic energy of fluid which further increases the elevation or pressure energy of it.  It moves the fluid from one place to another. But the compressor is mostly used to increase the potential energy (pressure energy) of fluid by pressuring it into a container. It is used to compress the fluid which increases its density and pressure. There are many other differences which are described below.

Difference between pump and compressor:

FILLET AND CHAMFER : WHY AND WHEN TO USE IT ??

Fillet is a round corner whereas chamfer is a slant face created at the corner. 

Even though both perform same function selection of chamfer or fillet depends on how the component is manufactured.We will discuss why and when they are used while creating parts in this article.

Comparison Between Chamfer and Fillet for External Edges :

Whether we choose to select a chamfer edge, or a fillet edge, it will often depend on factors of project such as budget and time constraints. The chart below compares some of these considerations:

When to use them ?

Fillets give a part better flow and less resistance. Using a fillet also eliminates any sharp edges that can be easily damaged, or that could cause injury when the part is handled. This means there is less risk of failing an inspection for having a burr or sharp edge. Fillets also have lower stress concentration factors, meaning that they distribute stress over a broader area. This makes filleted parts more durable, and able to withstand larger loads.

Chamfers are more forgiving when designing to fit mating parts, but overall it appears that designs using fillets are preferred by senior management, industrial designers and many others.

The main points that help in deciding to choose a fillet or chamfer are the following:

1.When done manually one of the main factors that come in deciding which to apply is the machining time. A chamfer requires less machining time that a fillet radius.

2.When done on CNC both chamfer and fillet require the same time as only a tool change is required.

3.For fillets different radii of tools has to be stocked to create different radii, but a single tool can be used for creating different chamfers.

4.Higher machining time required translates into cost. Thus chamfers are less costly compared to fillets.

5.Industrial designers tend to prefer fillets compared to chamfers as these are considered to be visually pleasing.

6.One of the other reasons is that protective coating like paint are more uniformly distributed over a fillet compared to chamfer. Thickness of coating is reduced on sharp corners of chamfers so coating is lost first on these spots. Fillets have no such issues due to uniform distribution of coating.

7.Since non uniform distribution of coating can lead to accelerated rusting this may be a disadvantage.

8.Fillet gives better stress flow (less resistance) compared to chamfers. Fillets generally give a lower stress concentration factor than chamfers .

9. Chamfers are more forgiving when fitting mating parts. i.e. even if there are inaccuracies in a chamfer mating parts might fit together. But if the radius of fillet changes it will be difficult to fit the mating parts.