Thursday 29 August 2019

KNOW WHY MOTORBIKES EXHAUST ARE GENERALLY PLACED ON RIGHT SIDE !!


You might have wondered why does almost every motorcycle have its exhaust placed on the right, and not the left?It is not a design constraint as such and you can have the silencer on the left as well. But there could be many reasons otherwise.We will discuss these reasons in this article.


Manufacturers have just stuck to the design that was implemented on the very first internal combustion-powered, single-cylinder motorcycles.The first motorbike without pedal was having exhaust on the right side. Since then manufacturers decided to mount the exhaust on the right side of the motorcycle.

Apart from this other reasons that are important to consider are as follows:


1. The exhaust fumes would be a little farther from the pedestrain walking sidewalks on the left.




2. Lot of women and old people sit sideways and it is much more safer to disembark them to the left. Silencer to the right helps with that.



3. Usually, there's a chain sprocket on the left side and having the silencer on the right balances the mass to some extent.

4. The way we learn to ride a bike, usually the left foot comes off the foot rest first when we are braking to a stop. Having the silencer to the right minimizes the risk of the foot coming in the proximity to the hot exhaust pipes.

But,it need not to be necessarily on right . Sports bikes have both sides , some have under the seat. But in general the exhaust is placed on the right side for above reasons.

Wednesday 28 August 2019

KNOW WHY THESE GAPS ARE PRESENT IN THE STRIP OF MEDICAL TABLETS !!


Sometimes when you buy a strip of medicine (tablets), you notice of empty slots. Irrespective of the exact shape of the tablet, it can be round, rectangle, oval; every strip is packaged in this typical design-geometry.We will understand the reason behind the empty slots in this article.


Reason 1:

To keep up the standard size of the packing boxes, the company adds these extra spaces to avoid the extra cost.



Reason 2:

Since these tablets are small in size, but the minimum information required to be given on them is quite a lot, so the overall size of packaging is generally large so as to accommodate all relevant information.

Reason 3:

These extra empty spaces help to avoid breakage and spilling of medicines during transportation. This is one of the most important reasons why these empty spaces are there.

Reason 4:

This is a tricky one where our mind would get fooled by the packing. Extra spaciousness gives a feel that the tablet is worth the cost. But the actual fact is that it does not cost even an extra penny for the special packing!



Reason 5:

Empty space left is to increase the inertness of the tablet by pumping vacuum or inert gases inside the empty space. If air is present inside the empty space, then the tablets might get oxidized resulting in poor performance of the medicine.

Hope,this article might have helped you to understand the logic behiend those empty space.

Tuesday 27 August 2019

ALL ABOUT PCB


Printed Circuit Boards are commonly known as PCB. There are electrical and electronic components are connected on the board. In the designing phase any pcb is connected via wires for testing purpose. It is very complex and very hard to test. The wire connections are not suitable for large applications like motherboard. Components are internally connected without wires in the PCB which decreases the overall complexity. PCBs can design as per the requirements. It is found in most of electronic devices like TV, Cell Phones, Computers, Camera etc. It is also used in communication devices, defence equipment etc. India Circuit is leading pcb manufacturing companies in india.

There are two types of Mounting processes are used Through-hole and Surface mounted.

First is through-hole PCB. There are holes made on the circuit to mount the leads of the components and it soldered on the other side of PCB. In the through-hole process the components have support from PCB for performance and this is widely used for mount the components on PCB. As there are holes are drilled in the PCB the manufacturing cost is increased. This is suitable for single-sided PCB but for double or multilayer it is not recommended.

The next method is surface mount. In this process there is small size components with small or no leads are used. In this process the components are directly mounted on the board and the holes are not required to mount. After mounting process, the solder paste is applied to hold components on the surface of PCB.

PCB construction is depending on the requirements. It is in single layer, double layer or multilayer.

Single Sided PCB

Double Sided PCB

Multilayer PCB

Rigid PCB

Flexible PCB

Rigid-flex PCB

Single Sided PCB 


First in the list is single-sided PCB. It is also called single layer PCB. It is widely used as it has simple design and easily manufactured. There is copper applied on the one side of PCB as the copper has better electric conductivity than other materials. The solder mask is applied to prevent the damage in the process of silkscreen coat for marking of components on the PCB. There is an electric component on the single side. The components are soldered on the other side of the PCB. Single sided PCBs are cost effective and it is best option for bulk manufacturing. Single sided PCBs are used in devices like printers, calculators etc.

Double Sided PCB

It is also known as double layer PCB. There is copper coat on the single side and in the double side the copper coating is on the both sides. The two layers are connected with hole made on the surface. The price of double side is low and are suitable to make complex circuit with compact size. Double sided PCBs are used in gaming motherboard, gaming pc, mobile phones, Inverter, Amplifies etc.


Multi-Layer PCB

There are more than two conductive layers in the multilayer PCB. There is glue is applied between layers to protect components from heat produced while performance. It is used for a complex circuit with compact size for best performance. This type of PCBs is used in satellite system, data servers etc.

Rigid PCB 


Rigid PCB is made from solid material which is very strong. It can be made in single layer, double layer and multilayer. The shape of PCB remains same after installation. It is not bent as per base. Rigid PCBs are long lasting. This PCBs is used in CPU, RAM and GPU. Single sided rigid PCBs are most used as it has simple design.

Flexible PCB

The material in the PCB makes it flexible. There is conductive plastic is used. Flexible PCBs are used where the rigid PCBs is not. It has very complex design and it is made in single sided, double sided and multilayer. This is used in LED, Solar Panel, Laptops etc.

Rigid-Flex PCB

This is a mixture of the Rigid and Flexible technique. Rigid-Flex contains number of rigid circuits are connect with flexible circuits. It is used in camera, cell phones etc.

We hope that this information is helpful to choose PCB according to your need.

India Circuit is leading PCB manufacturer in India.

APPLICATIONS OF PVC PIPES !!


PVC pipes are used in many ways and commonly used for water transport for drinking purpose. It is also used as removal of waste products to drainage from the roof or grounds.



For Drinking Water


The PVC pipes are used for supply water with control pressure. The main purpose is to distribute the drinking water. The pipes are used for it are medium-size and the diameter is between 75 mm and 250 mm.

The pipes are used for irrigation have same geometrical and mechanical characteristics.

Soil and Waste


Pipes are also used for waste water disposal as there are no pressure required and it is used inside building. It has medium diameter of 160 mm makes it compact PVC.

Sewage and Underground Drainage


The pipes and fittings are used underground horizontally for collection and disposal of waste water. The diameter of pipes is between 160 mm and 630 mm.

Rainwater


There are also a above-ground rainwater products like gutter and downpipes are available between 50 mm and 160 mm. It is available in both domestic and industrial use. For this application pipes are designed to use outside.

Hot and Cold


The chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes and fittings handle both hot and cold water for heating water system installation. These pipes are hot water pressure resistance.

Other Applications


Cable Protection


This type of pipe is used to protect electric cable inside. There is may be corrugated or smooth and having diameter of maximum 25 mm. There is also a larger diameter pipes of 50-100 mm used for underground cable protection made with compact PVC.

Fittings


There are many types of pipes, fittings and valves are available with various diameter. There are many designs and connections are made with fittings. It has many varieties like straight pipes, bends, branches, tees, reducers, clips, brackets and many more. These can be joints with simply push-fit or with solvent cementing. This joint provide system with gaps and are easy to install.

Industrial Piping Application


PVC piping systems are used for long times for cooling water process, transport hazardous chemicals as the PVC is high corrosion resistance. It is highly suitable to transport toxic chemicals from one place to another. PVC pipes are economical beneficial, safe and has less maintenance.

Fire Sprinkler


The CPVC pipes are used in fire sprinkler. The fire sprinkler systems are installed in places like library, museum, theatre, office, hotel, high-rise buildings etc.

Looking for pvc pipe machine manufacturers, then we are leading pvc pipe machine manufacturers in India.

Wednesday 21 August 2019

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INJECTION BLOW MOULDING AND EXTRUSION BLOW MOULDING !!


Manufacturers are known the difference between two blow moulding processes. It is quite difficult to understand the difference. Here we will explain the difference between injection blow moulding and extrusion blow moulding.


Let’s start with Extrusion Blow Moulding Process


Extrusion blow moulding is commonly used type of blow moulding. In this process the plastic is melted to its boiling temperature. The melted plastic is extruded into a hollow tube which is generally known as parison. After that the air is blown to plastic and inflated according to the mould. Then plastic is cool down and after sufficient cooled, the mould is opened and product is come out from mould.

The blow moulding products are used in Traffic safety products, Automotive Ducts, Stadium Seating and Chairs, Trays, Containers, Coolers, Reservoirs and Tanks, Stands, Floats, Toys and Sporting Goods, Panels and Doors, Household products and Watering Cans and many more. SMP is leading blow moulding machine manufacturer in India.

Now Injection Blow Moulding Process


Injection blow moulding is another type of blow moulding where polymer is injected into a core pin. After that the pin is rotate to blow moulding station and there it is inflated and cool down. This process is not so preferred and used only to manufacture particular items like syringes.

There are variety of products are made with injection blow moulding process like dropper bottles, jars, ovals-cylindrical and boston rounds, tablet and pill bottles and many more.

What is the difference?


The main difference between blow moulding and injection moulding is process used to make a product. There is two-dimensional product is made with extrusion blow moulding and there is three-dimensional product is manufacture with injection blow moulding process. The other difference is in the tool used in the processes.

The next difference is time taken to complete the process. The injection blow moulding process took less time than the extrusion blow moulding. The scrap or residue makes the difference between two processes. In the extrusion blow moulding process, the scrap is with flash and trimming where the other have no flash and trimming. There is also difference in part thickness of machine used in extrusion and injection blow moulding processes. The part thickness is depending on the how much material is stretched in the extrusion blow moulding and with the injection it is on the relationship between core and mold.

The extrusion blow moulding process is simple then the injection moulding process. It is also depending on the material used from poor to excellent. The styrene is commonly used in the process which is poor material. The PP and PC are balanced products where HDPE is suitable for extrusion process.

The materials like Styrene, PP, PC and HDPE are suitable for injection process.

If you want to buy a Blow Moulding, SMP is leading HDPE blow moulding machine manufacturer in India.

EVERYTHING YOU MUST KNOW ABOUT FOAMED CONCRETE !!



The full form of CLC is Cellular Lightweight Concrete. It also known as foamed
concrete. CLC is mainly used in construction as it has many benefits than the regular concrete bricks.

This foamed concrete is concrete with Portland cement, fly ash, water, sand
and preformed foam with various proportions. CLC can be easily manufactured at construction site with the same machine moulds used for normal concrete.





The main characteristic of this foamed concrete is its self-compacting property
and the compaction is not required. It is easily flowing through pump to the
mould. This helps to pumped it to the maximum distance and height.

The structure of CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete)


The clc mainly contains fly ash, cement and foam.

Fly Ash: The fly ash is a waste product of thermal power plants. It is not easily disposed. Fly ash is mainly used as raw material in CLC which solves the problem of disposal and also it is cost effective. The use of fly ash in clc makes it eco-friendly.

Cement: It is a mixture of Portland Cement, cement-silica, lime-pozzolana, cement-pozzolana and lime-silica. These all have same cell structure and they can get from gas-forming chemicals of foaming agents at measured levels.





Cellular Lightweight Concrete Manufacturing

These bricks are manufactured with mixing of raw ingredients in the concrete mixer. Strength is depending on the material used and also the air pocket content.

The continues CLC is made with mixing of light mortar and preformed foam with pressure in special static mixer.

What is the density of CLC?

Density is measured in KG per m3. The density of concrete is 2400 kg/m3. The foamed concrete density is between 400 kg/m3 to 1800 kg/m3.

The CLC density, is increased by foam filling. The foam is generated by foam-generator. The fly ash in clc decreases the density but it not affects the overall structure and strength. 




Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) are made with different density for various purposes.

Lower Density (400-600 kg/m3): The lower density clc are used for thermal and sound insulations. This density resists the fire, termite and moisture. The CLC is used as an alternating of glass wood, wood wool and thermocol.

Medium Density (800-1000 kg/m3): These bricks are used to make pre-cast blocks which are used for non-load bearing brickwork. It can be manufactured according to design and need.

High Density (1200-1800 kg/m3): This is a structural grade density and used in load-bearing walls and also in the ceiling of low-rise structures. It is also used in formation of partitioning walls and manufacture of pre-cast blocks for load-bearing brickwork. 


Benefits of CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete)

Lightweight – The CLC is lightweight and it helps in weight management of building material and craning work.

Fire Resistance – Air pockets in the CLC bricks make it fire resistance. The more density in the clc walls can withstand for hours in fire.

Thermal Insulation – The low density clc bricks are suitable for thermal insulation. It also supports structure.

Sound Absorption – It increases the acoustical insulation.

Eco-friendly – The fly ash is used in the clc.

Cost-Effective – As it is eco friendly and also the production cost is less than concrete block which saves the overall construction cost.

The CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) are termite proof and also resist to freezing. You can make this in cement bricks machine.


Where it is used?

- It is suitable for thermal insulation as bricks and clocks than the flat roofs and non-loading walls.

- Low density bricks are used in old sewer pipes, wells, unused cellars and basements, storage tanks, tunnels and subways.

- The heat-insulated light wall panel are made with clc.

- It also manages to maintain acoustical balance of concrete.

- It is used in light heat resistant ceramic tiles.

- For soil water drainage.

- It prevents freezing in bridges.

- Used for perlite plaster and lightweight concrete. 


Difference between Lightweight Concrete and Aerated Concrete?

Many have confusion between gas or aerated concrete. The bubbles in the aerated concrete are formed chemically by the reaction between aluminium powder, calcium hydro oxide and other alkaline.

There is a mixing of air-entraining agent with concrete in Aerated concrete. And the foam concrete is made with different technique.

Cellular lightweight concrete has various properties according to their use in different building projects in the world. It also prevents the air, water and noise pollution.

These bricks are more suitable as it has many properties like fire resistance, eco friendly and it is also a preferred material for contractors and architects.

Looking for concrete block making machine then Q Green Techcon PVT. LTD. Manufactures wide range of machines.

Tuesday 20 August 2019

KNOW WHY AUTOMOBILE MARKET IS SLOWING DOWN !!


India’s automobile market is in deep trouble.Mahindra & Mahindra has registered a fall of 15 per cent in total monthly sales to 40,142 units in July 2019.The domestic sales of Honda Cars India have dived 48.67 per cent to 10,250 units in July 2019.TVS Motor Company has reported a sales decline of 13 per cent to 2,79,465 units in July 2019.

This massive drop in sales has happened despite the introduction of recent models like the Mahindra’s XUV300, the Hyundai Venue and the MG Hector.





Thus, this has caused a chain reaction across the industry ranging from manufacturers offering a number of discounts and offers and new launches to help instigate demand. Due to less demand, manufacturers are also having to cut down on production, sometimes even shutting their factories down to adjust inventory.Let us discuss the reasons behiend the slowdown in this article.

Reasons behind this slowdown:

1.)The automobile sector was impacted due to impending general elections, where uncertainty over outcome drove people to postpone vehicle purchases.

2.)Severe floods in some areas also affected the sales figure.








3.)In addition, credit availability is tight, fuel prices are high, a judicial intervention has raised upfront insurance costs sharply, and the prices of automobiles have gone up on account of higher input costs.

4.)Due to the Electric Vehicle roadmap, customers have fears that any vehicle that they purchase could potentially become obsolete in the next decade or so. Thus they are clearly looking to hold on to their current vehicles in order to avoid an unnecessary purchase if EVs are on the way. 







5.)Higher and non-standard road taxes, which have been too frequent and inconsistent have led to auto-makers having to increase prices of vehicles.








6.)The ever-rising GST on automotive parts and vehicles has also added to the woes of the industry. This has eventually led to customers shying away from buying these vehicles and a downturn in sales. 





7.)With increase in public transport,metro and services like OLA and Uber have also compelled people of not buying their own vehicle.


Monday 19 August 2019

KNOW WHY BASE OF PACKAGED WATER BOTTLE IS FLAT !!


The bumps or the corrugations in the foot of the bottle increases the strength of the bottle. Take a sheet of paper and fold it. You can easily fold the paper. Now bend any one side of the sheet and try to fold it. You will now feel some resistance. Now, roll the paper into a pipe and try folding it. It will be little hard to fold the paper pipe. Bending any material increases its strength and rigidity. This is because; rolling the paper increases its moment of inertia around the bending axis.

Soft drinks are served chilled. When a liquid is cooled, its volume changes and the bottle must not buckle because of this change in volume. The corner or the tip of the bump can slightly expand/contract without breaking which takes care of the change in volume of the liquid.




Soft drink bottles have to stand up to pressure because of the carbonation. The 5 point bottoms are designed to hold the pressure better. A 5 point bottom isn't the only way, its just one way that works well and is in common use.Because bottles of carbonated liquid are pressing outward, which would cause a flat bottom to bulge out, become rounded, and then wouldn't stand up right any more -- the five points make a steady base no matter how much pressure is inside.

Bottled water is not carbonated so there is no need for a pointed bottom. A flat bottom uses less plastic, and holds up better in drop testing.

Sunday 18 August 2019

KNOW WHY I-SECTION BEAMS ARE USED FOR RAILWAY TRACKS !!


Generally rail tracks are made in I Section.We might wonder many times that why any other shape is not used.We might also wonder, why solid section is not used??We will discuss the reason behind selection of I beam for railway tracks in this article.

The usual, Flat Footed rails used for Broad Gauge lines is shown below with its components below.

This is typical shape of the cross-section of a track laid with Flat-footed Rails.


The Bull headed rails resemble the 'I' shape more correctly.

These are shaped so for following purposes:

> The top portion or the HEAD of the rail is thicker to take up the impact of the fast moving wheels, and carry the load of trains preventing abrasion of the tracks.

>The WEB of the rail is to uplift the train from the ground level; and as the inner flanges of wheels are of greater area than the outer flanges as shown below, so the web mainly provides clear cover (distance) between wheel base and the sleeper/ ballast layer.

>The FLAT FOOT provides two-fold purpose. Easy clamping i.e fixing to the sleeper beneath it because of wider area as well as greater surface area due to flat foot helps in load transfer to the sleeper more efficiently which further transfers the load to ballast and later sub-base.

WHY I-SHAPED ONLY USED,WHY NOT ANY OTHER SHAPE:

  • A beam is more efficient when more material is AWAY from the center. It’s has more strength as compared to solid.
  • Upper half should be wide enough to support the wheel and lower half should be wide & thick enough for clamping. Taking out extra materials saves significant amount of iron without compromising over strength thus giving it the shape of what you asked.
  • Rail needs to be stiff in the vertical direction to take the load of the train.
  • It needs to be relatively flexible in the horizontal direction so it can easily bend around curves.So material is reduced at the center to allow a bit of flexibility.

Tuesday 13 August 2019

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COOLANT AND LUBRICANT EXPLAINED !!

We will be talking these two terms in context to engine.


COOLANT :

Coolant in engine is used to absorb the heat of the engine. It is used in radiator and circulated outside the engine(They pass through the engine through jackets provided).



Water is used as coolant but now a days chemicals are used along with water. They prevent the rusting, cool engine fast and doesn't freeze.

LUBRICANT:

Lubricants are used inside the engine. They are hydrocarbons made up of base oil and additives. Base oil is the product of refining of crude like diesel and petrol and additives are chemicals mixed with base oil for specific purposes.





They reduce friction, seals the engines, indicates service life, clean the carbon, cool the engines, preventing breaking of parts and distributes the pressure. Lubricants outside the engine are used as greases and gear oil.

Monday 12 August 2019

KNOW WHY AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION VEHICLE GIVES LESS MILAGE THEN MANUAL TRANSMISSION VEHICLE !!


You might have wondered why 100cc scooter gives less mileage than 100cc manual transmission bike. Think about it where a 100cc scooter returns mileage near 40-50 Kmpl, an average 100cc motorcycle provides mileage over 60 Kmpl. The answer to this question lies in the transmission used where the scooters use automatic CVT transmission, while motorcycles use a proper 4 or 5 speed manual transmission.We will discuss about the reason behind this in this article.

Lets start with the purpose of a gearbox. The engine of a vehicle runs at a certain rotary speed or revolutions per minute ( RPM ). The required speed of revolution of the wheels is usually much less than that. For example, a typical 100cc bike engine can rev upto 6000rpm, but if the wheels ( 18 inch dia ) of a typical 100cc bike move at that speed, it would reach a velocity of 518 kmph!
So basically the gearbox is the intermediate mechanism which allows the engine and wheels to run at different rpm. 





The scootys use a system called a Continuously Variable Transmission ( CVT ), which in its simplest form is just a a cone pulley system with belts which allows for automatic adjustment of speed. The 100cc bike on the other hand has a manual gearbox, which requires you to manually select an ideal gear ratio for the given speed. Usually bikes have 5 gear speed ratios to choose from nowadays and they are thus called 5 speed gearboxes. 




Fuel economy depends on your RPM. The lower the rpm, the better fuel economy. Bikes with gears allow us to shift into higher gears and by doing so, the rpms decrease.At a given speed (say 40kmph), when in higher gear (4th gear), the bike has lesser rpms as compared to it going at same speed (40kmph) in a lower gear (3rd).In a gearless scooter, the rpms just keep building up continuously. So it has lesser fuel economy.
 



Also, another major contributor to this is the fact that gearless scooters have a centrifugal clutch. In such a system, as the speed is building up, the centrifugal force acting on the clutch increases. Thus, it always remains partially engaged (detached from the input shaft). This translates into power loss and thus lesser fuel economy.  

 
The clutch is not controlled by the rider, it works automatically, and the clutch is also a pretty inefficient unit which draws its power from none other than the engine. This results in more loss of power and to make that up in terms of performance, the efficiency of the scooter takes a hit.


But most consumers don't mind because of the convenience of not shifting gears manually seems a fair trade-off. However, automatic transmissions are getting more high tech as we speak, and very soon this difference in efficiency will be negligible. 

KNOW WHY NEW TEST VEHICLES ARE CAMOUFLAGED !!

We have all seen photos of anticipated upcoming models wrapped in black padding and crazy checkerboard and swirl patterns, and might have wondered if all that is really necessary.We will discuss the reason behind wrapping the new cars in this article.


While much of a new car or truck’s development happens behind closed doors, there’s no substitute for real-world testing on both private tracks and public roads, at which point a test vehicle – called a “mule” in automotive language.After manufacturing every vehicle has to be tested on road to see how it behaves.


To travel in public , automotive engineers for decades have employed visual deception which is known as camouflage to disguise what they are working on or testing from the eyes of always interested and ever-present media and competitive automakers.



Camouflage is important to automakers as they develop and test vehicles, for a variety of reasons. An accidental early look at a new design can impact the sales of existing vehicles as consumers compare their current purchase considerations to those on the horizon.

The camouflage is there to deceive your eyes. Most car companies use them to protect the design of their, soon to be released, cars. The camouflage hides any sleek edges and doesn't give a clear look into the car's details. No, it doesn't necessarily hide the car as a whole and they are usually easy to distinguish what type of car it is. But, it does hide their new design.




Lets compare, we'll use the 2016 Honda civic as an example. Look specifically at the hood. notice any fine details to the hood like raising or lowering sections? You can also see this "illusion" in the grill of the car, where the Honda logo would be located. and lastly look towards the sides of the doors, notice how the non-camouflaged one looks to cave-in more towards the bottom.


The last thing a manufacturer wants is for its upcoming model to create a market that it is not ready to fill. Worse yet, when the car is finally released, its design can feel stale because the internet and magazines have been publishing pictures of it for a year or two. 

Sunday 11 August 2019

COMMON DIFFERENCE EXPLAINED !!

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESUME AND CV:

A curriculum vitae (CV) provides a summary of your experience and skills. Typically, CVs for entry-level candidates are longer than resumes – at least two or three pages. CVs for mid-level candidates who have amassed numerous publications tend to run much longer. CVs are thus lengthier than resumes, and include more information, particularly details related to one’s academic and research background.

A resume provides a summary of your education, work history, credentials, and other accomplishments and skills. There are also optional sections, including a resume objective and career summary statement. A resume should be as concise as possible. Typically, a resume is one page long, although sometimes it can be as long as two pages.


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUARANTEE AND WARRANTY: 

Guarantee is a commitment made by the manufacturer to the buyer. Just like a guarantor stands behind a loan, the manufacturer stands behind the product. If a product under guarantee is of low quality, it will be either repaired/replaced, or the money paid will be refunded to the buyer.


Warranty is an assurance given by the manufacturers to buyers, that if the product breaks or if there is any problem with the product, the manufacturer will repair the product for free.



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WATER RESISTANT,WATER REPELLENT AND WATER PROOF:

Water-resistant, this is the lowest level of water protection of the three. If a device is labeled as water-resistant it means that the device itself may be built in such a way that it is more difficult for water to get inside of it, or possibly that it is coated with a very light substance that helps improve the device’s chances of surviving an encounter with water. Water-resistant is something you see commonly among watches, giving it the power to withstand the average hand-washing or light rain shower.

Water-repellent, which is basically just a step up from water-resistant. If a device is labeled as water-repellent it actually possesses the properties in which to, you guessed it, repel water from it, making it hydrophobic. A water-repellent device stands a very high chance of being coated with some form of thin-film nanotechnology, whether that is on the inside, outside, or both, and has a much better chance of standing up to water than your average device. Many companies claim water-repellency, but the term is heavily debated because of all the questions and unpredictable elements associated with it.

Waterproof, on the other hand, describes materials or products that can stand complete submersion without taking in any amount of water. They are suitable for camping, swimming, snowboarding, diving, and many more activities since they can be waterproof to great water depths for a long time. The nature of a waterproof product or material is that it is made with absolutely no holes or pores that might let in water. These products are specifically made for use in environments that have plenty of water. However, on the market today, there are a lot of products that are labeled waterproof but aren’t really waterproof – especially electronic devices. This is especially so because different products have different ‘scales’ or ‘levels’ that determine what should be labeled as waterproof or water-resistant.