KNOW WHY SECOND AND FOURTH ANGLE PROJECTION IS NOT USED IN ENGINEERING DRAWING !!

In Mechanical Engineering,drawings are made either in first angle projection or in third angle projection.We do not make drawings in second or fourth angle projection.We will discuss the reason behind doing so in this article.

Read this if you want to know difference between first angle and third angle projection.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRST ANGLE AND THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION EXPLAINED !!

Let us first understand the concept behind the angle projection system. Imagine you have Vertical Plane (VP) and Horizontal Plane (HP) (Perpendicular to each other),now we have 4 quadrants. For 1st angle projection system, we place object in 1st quadrant, for 2nd angle projection system, we place object in 2nd quadrant and so on.

In Second quadrant, Vertical plane (VP) lies in between object  and observer. Therefore front view of the object will lie on vertical plane whereas top view will lie on horizontal plane. As per rule of projection when horizontal plane is rotated 90 degree in clockwise direction, top and front view will overlap.

Overlapping projection views create confusion in the drawing. Therefore 2nd angle projection system is not used.

Similarly when object is placed in 4th quadrant both top and front view will overlap. Therefore fourth angle projection is also not used. 

To sum up, because of overlapping of front and top views 2nd and 4th angle projections are not used. First and third angle projection systems are recommended for orthographic projections.

KNOW WHY KTM IS FAST AND ROYAL ENFIELD IS SLOW !!

Royal Enfield despite of having 350 CC Engine is able to reach a top speed of 90-100 kmph whereas KTM Duke 390 is having 373 CC Engine is able to attain 160 to 165 kmph. Which simply means power of Duke 390 is way ahead of RE 350.

Now,coming to torque figures of both machine.Duke 390 produces 35 N⋅m @ 7250 rpm whereas RE 350 produces 28 Nm at 4000 rpm, which simply means maximum torque of RE 350 comes at very early stage whereas Duke 390 takes time to attain its maximum torque.In short we can say that RE 350 is a better pulling machine.

Now the question is that,what makes Duke 390 a fast machine despite of having almost same capacity engine.The technology used by Duke 390 is way ahead of RE 350. It uses DOHC,Liquid cooling and other latest technologies.Also Duke 390 is lighter than RE 350 but one thing that brings the drastic change is the construction of Engine.

Duke 390 uses oversquare engine 80.0mm bore and a 60.0mm stroke.The stroke is shorter than bore which helps in faster movement of engine as the distance to be covered in up and down motion is less.So,engine revs fast thus helps in attaining higher top speed.

On the other hand Royal Enfiled 350 uses undersquare engine 70 mm bore and 90 mm stroke.With longer stroke the engine becomes slow as distance to be covered is more.But this results in increased torque as,Torque=Force x Distance.

So,in this case engine revs slow which result in increased torque.

Click here to know more about oversquare,undersquare and square engine.

KNOW WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NET WEIGHT AND GROSS WEIGHT !

It is vital to understand weights when it comes to shipping goods. Weight is used to determine shipping costs regardless of whether the shipment is made by sea, air, rail, or road. The paperwork, quotes, and bill of lading will clearly indicate which weight the costs are based on for that shipping company.

Gross weight and net weight are two most commonly used terminologies used.We will understand the difference between gross weight and net weight in this article.

Net weight is the base weight of a product by itself. It is probably the term most people are familiar with, as they encounter it daily on food packaging. The net weight of a can beans is only the weight of the beans themselves and does not include the weight of the can.

The word gross means total. Thus, gross weight means total weight. The gross weight will include all aspects required for shipping. It includes the actual product, its packaging and any other packaging required to enable the shipping of the product.

There is one more terminology which is known as tare weight.Tare weight is the weight of the container in which a shipment travels. The weight of the container, full of your cargo, is what you will be charged to ship, or what you will pay to receive. Tare weight equals gross weight minus the net weight.

Summary:

1.Gross weight is the total weight of the shipment, including the raw products, its packaging, pallets, containers, and weight of transport vehicle.

2.Net weight refers to the weight of the raw product ordered. It does not include the weight of any container within which the product is held (e.g. a tin or box) or subsequent weight of pallets, larger containers, or the transport vehicle.

KNOW WHY FOG LIGHTS ARE USED !!

Front-facing fog lights and fog lamps are a type of automotive headlight that is designed to emit light in a bar-shaped beam. The beam is typically designed to have a sharp cutoff on top, and the actual lights are usually installed low and aimed toward the ground at a sharp angle.

WHY DO WE NEED THEM?

Fog is a regular occurrence in many parts of the world, especially near large bodies of water. When the conditions are right, tiny water droplets or ice crystals can float in the air, just over the surface of the ground. In addition to acting like a cloud and blocking your view, the tiny water droplets or ice crystals decrease visibility even further by reflecting light that hits them. This makes driving through fog with headlights, and especially high beams, a frustrating and dangerous experience.

Fog lights are a solution here, and take a different approach to all that water vapor hanging over the road. They work in multiple poor visibility conditions, including fog, mist, snow, and even blowing sand. In order to let you see the road through the fog, factory-equipped fog lights are placed as low as reasonably possible, usually in the lower bumper cover on most modern vehicles.

The purpose of the fog lamp is to show the driver the road edges, lane markings and the foreground abruptly appearing during road drive. When used with headlamps in extremely poor visibility, a driver can maneuver safely at slow speed in snow, fog or heavy rains.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEADLIGHT AND FOG LIGHT

1.Driving lights are used in vehicle to provide clear view of forward of the vehicle and intended to supplement the high beam of a standard headlight system. While fog lights are used to reflect the fog, snow, or dust particles in the air are developed for use on dangerously thick conditions.

2.Driving lights produces white light while fog light produces both white and yellow light.

3.Driving lights are used to show clear vision to avoid any road obstacles during night time while fog lights are used in specific conditions like dust, train, fog or snow.

4.Driving lights are installed in every vehicle by default by the manufacturer while in some areas fog lights are also installed according to weather condition in specific region and in most areas it is optional.

WHEN TO USE FOG LIGHT:

You should only use fog lights in situations where there is poor visibility conditions caused by rain, fog, snow, or even an excessive amount of dust in the air.

In short, we can say that fog lamps should be only used in conditions where there is less visibility caused due to snow,fog,dust or rain.We should not use fog lamp in clear conditions as it may distract other drivers on road.

KNOW WHAT DOES "AM" AND "PM" MEAN IN TIME !!

Some countries, including the US, Canada, and Australia, use the 12-hour clock format including AM and PM. What do these abbreviations mean? We will discuss the meaning of AM and PM in this article.

AM stands for Ante Meridiam whereas PM stands for Post Meridiam. This is because the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods- AM which means before midday and PM means after midday and each period comprises of 12 hours in number.

Hence, the term AM & PM is associated with the time-period: AM, is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase ante merīdiem meaning “before midday”; PM is an abbreviation of post merīdiem, meaning—“after midday.”

This rule gets a bit confusing when you take a look at 12PM and 12AM respectively. For example, 12AM - or ante meridiem - does not make logical sense when you look at the rule because it does not actually come after midnight. 

Therefore, it is always better to refer to 12PM as noon and 12AM as midnight respectively even if analog and digital clocks do label them as the former.

A 24-hour clock, sometimes referred to as military time, states the time according to the number of hours that have passed since midnight. Starting at midnight, hours are numbered from 0 to 24, removing the need for designations like am and pm. For example, at 23:00, 23 hours have passed since the beginning of the current day.

KNOW SCHOOL BUSES ARE ALWAYS PAINTED YELLOW !!

You must have noticed that every school bus has its school name written on it and is painted with yellow colour. Colors not only add to the aesthetic appeal of things, but they also make our lives much easier in many ways.In this article we will discuss the reason behind the yellow colour for School Bus.

Yellow (and the yellow family of colors) gets your attention faster than any other color. People notice yellow objects first.Even when you are looking straight ahead, you can see a yellow object that is not in front of you "in the corners of your eyes" much sooner than any other color even red. Scientists describe this as follows: "Lateral peripheral vision for detecting yellows is 1.24 times greater than for red."This means that as compared to the rest of the colours, yellow has 1.24 times more attraction and also more visibility. The yellow colour of the school bus is also known as the National School Bus chrome yellow.

If there’s fog or any kind of bad weather, drivers will still be able to see yellow cars and any moving vehicle fairly well.Not only are school buses yellow, but also many earth-moving, road-building and other outdoor machines are yellow because you could get hurt if you accidentally run into one of them. Many accidents occur in farms and outdoors because the victim saw the moving object too late. If it’s yellow, you have a strong warning!

This is why the school bus is painted with yellow so that the possibility of accidents on the highway will be less and children can reach their home safely.
Did you know that in the early 1930s, in the US, it was confirmed that there is more attraction in yellow colour than any other colours. That is why some signalling boards are painted with yellow colour.

KNOW WHY CAPTCHA IS USED !!

CAPTCHA is abbreviated as “Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart”. CAPTCHA is basically a program that can tell whether its user is a human or a computer. They are colorful images with distorted text at the bottom of Web registration forms in many web application development websites. It was coined in 2000 by professors and scientists from Carnegie Mellon University and IBM.

Which purposes does CAPTCHA serve?

CAPTCHA prevents spam in website comment sections and on blogs. Many spammers bombard comment sections with links to increase search engine rankings. The test makes sure only humans comment and users don’t have to sign in beforehand to leave a comment.

It offers protection from scrapers who want to copy the email addresses of users. Spammers would crawl the Internet for email addresses that are posted in clear text. By utilising CAPTCHA you can protect against these scrapers. People need to solve a CAPTCHA before an email address is shown.

Importance of CAPTCHA:

1. Using CAPTCHA you can protect your website or blogs from comment spams, as bloggers receive more than 100 spam comments each day. You can seek help of web development companies to implement this.

2. It is essential that mainly free services should be protected with a CAPTCHA in order to prevent abuse by automated programs.

3. CAPTCHA also avoids dictionary attacks. These are the type of attacks under which an automatically generated scripts or computer program tries random passwords on login forms in case on unsuccessful login.

4. It helps search engines to prevent crawling the spam contents that may be harmful for keeping database safe or sensitive data of being exploited.