DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOT SPARK PLUG AND COLD SPARK PLUG EXPLAINED !!

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Introduction:

In order to ignite air fuel mixture we need heat.In case of diesel engines (compression ignition engines) this head is achieved by the compression of gases.But in case of spark ignition engines we need to have an external source to ignite air fuel mixture because compression is not enough to ignite the mixture.

A spark plug is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark, while containing combustion pressure within the engine.

There are two types of spark plug :

• Hot Spark Plug
• Cold Spark Plug

“Cold” spark plugs normally have a short heat flow path. This results in a very quick rate of heat transfer. Additionally, the short insulator nose found on cold spark plugs has a small surface area, which does not allow for a massive amount of heat absorption.

On the other hand, “hot” spark plugs feature a longer insulator nose as well as a longer heat transfer path. This results in a much slower rate of heat transfer to the surrounding cylinder head.

The heat range of the spark plug must be carefully selected in order to create an optimal thermal performance. If the heat range is not correct, you can expect serious trouble. Typically, the appropriate firing end temperature is  900-1,450 degrees. Below 900 degrees, carbon fouling is possible. Above it, overheating becomes an issue.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROCKWELL,BRINELL & VICKERS HARDNESS TEST EXPLAINED !!

Hardness is the property of a material that enables it to resist plastic deformation, usually by penetration. However, the term hardness may also refer to resistance to bending, scratching, abrasion or cutting.

The usual method to achieve a hardness value is to measure the depth or area of an indentation left by an indenter of a specific shape, with a specific force applied for a specific time. There are three principal standard test methods for expressing the relationship between hardness and the size of the impression, these being Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell. For practical and calibration reasons, each of these methods is divided into a range of scales, defined by a combination of applied load and indenter geometry.

Comparison between Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers  hardness test. 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "PS" AND "BHP" EXPLAINED !!!

There are a number of ways to measure the power that can be generated by a mechanical device like a car. The most popular is brake horsepower or BHP, which is a method of measurement for vehicles without the encumbrance added by connecting devices like the gearbox and transmission system. In comparison, PS is a unit of power in German. Although PS is very popular in Germany and in Europe, it is rarely seen anywhere else.

Horsepower and PS are not necessarily identical when it comes to values as there is a discrepancy in the value of each unit. One horsepower is the equivalent of 746 Watts while one PS is only 735 Watts. When you compare PS to BHP, you get a coefficient of roughly 0.98.

Summary:

1. BHP is a way of measuring mechanical power while PS is a standard unit for mechanical power in Germany

2. One unit of PS is equivalent to 0.98 horsepower

3. BHP is widely used while PS is considered obsolete.