KNOW WHAT IS SENSEX AND NIFTY !

We daily hear words like "Sensex" and "Nifty" when we watch the news. These words are also related to the market but have you ever imagined what is the meaning of Sensex and Nifty? In this article we will understand the meaning of these two words with respect to the economy. 

There are thousands of listed companies in the stock exchange (Stock exchanges allow investors to buy and sell shares of a company among each other in a regulated and legitimate space.) in India. And, it is not at all easy to track every single stock. Therefore, a smaller sample is calculated which acts as a representative of the whole market. This small sample is called Index (in other words, indicator) and it helps in the measurement of the value of a section of the stock market. The index is computed from the prices of selected stocks. 

Sensex and Nifty are the two important indicators that are used to measure the behavior of the market. These market indices are known as a standard for portfolio performance. SENSEX (Sensitive Index) and NIFTY (Net Index of Fifty) are the benchmark index of India.

SENSEX:

Sensex, also called BSE 30, is the market index consisting of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).BSE can revise this list of 30 with respect to time. So, if Sensex fluctuates, it reflects on the economy as well. For example, if Sensex goes up people become more interested in buying stocks because they think that economy is going to grow. But, if Sensex goes down, people tend to stop investing in the economy.

Let us understand it with an example, it is like trying to determine the ‘intelligence’ of a class of 500 students across various courses by taking the average marks of Top 30 students. The average result might be good but this may not necessarily be so. For better results we need to compare the averages across a period of time, or across classes as it is more helpful rather than looking at the average as a stand-alone factor.

NIFTY:

Nifty, also called NIFTY 50, is the market index consisting of 50 well-established and financially sound companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE). Nifty Index constitutes of 50 companies that are considered to be the nation's economy movers and shakers. Each of the 50 companies contributes some weightage to the Nifty Index and its fall and rise indicate the condition of our economy.

It is just like the fuel indicator of your vehicle. When the fuel Indicator is in the Red zone, you understand that your fuel tank is about to be empty and you need to refill it or else your vehicle will stop running. In the same way, when you are filling up your tank and the Indicator turns full in Green zone, you understand your tank is full and you should stop filling it or else it will spill out of the tank.

WHY DO WE NEED THESE INDICATORS?

The rise and fall of an index would reflect the composite performance of all these companies, and in turn it is the representative of the whole market. It is the barometer of the economy. Indices can be constructed to track the performance of stocks, bonds, currencies, volatility, prices amongst many other things.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SENSEX AND NIFTY:

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KNOW HOW TO DECODE GRADE OF GRINDING WHEEL !

Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool. A grinding wheel is a precision tool with thousands of cutting points on its surface - abrasive grains that are held in place by a bond matrix (hence these are known as bonded abrasives) and separated by pores. When the wheel is in use, the abrasive grains cut into the material that is being ground, removing the unwanted surface material in small chips.

There are various grades of grinding wheels available in the market and every grinding wheel has its grade written on it. But have we ever thought what these grades mean? We will decode the grade of the grinding wheel in this article.

When selecting the perfect wheel for your project, it is important to know the grade of that grinding wheel. Every grinding wheel is marked by the manufacturer with a stencil or a small tag. The manufacturers have worked out a standard system of markings as shown in the figure below. For example use a wheel marked A36-L5-V23. The A refers to the abrasive which is aluminum oxide. The 36 represents the grain size. The L shows the grade or degree of hardness, which is medium. The 5 refers to the structure of the wheel and the V refers to the bond type.

ABRASIVE TYPE:

There are 4 main types of abrasive grains available for grinding wheels, these are Ceramic Aluminium Oxide, Silicon Carbide, Zirconia Alumina, Aluminium Oxide.

ABRASIVE GRAIN SIZE:

Abrasive grains are selected according to the mesh of a sieve through which they are sorted. For example, grain number 40 indicates that the abrasive grain passes through a sieve having approximately 40 meshes to the linear inch. A grinding wheel is designated coarse, medium, or fine according to the size of the individual abrasive grains making up the wheel.

GRADES OF HARDNESS:

The grade of a grinding wheel designates the hardness of the bonded material. Listed below are examples of those grades:
A soft wheel is one on which the cutting particles break away rapidly while a hard wheel is one on which the bond successfully opposes this breaking away of the abrasive grain.

STRUCTURE:

Bond strength of a grinding wheel is not wholly dependent upon the grade of hardness but depends equally on the structure of the wheel, that is, the spacing of the grain or its density. The structure or spacing is measured in number of grains per cubic inch of wheel volume.

BOND TYPE:

This means how the wheel holds the abrasives; affects finish, coolant, and minimum/maximum wheel speed.

So, now you know how to read the grade of grinding wheel. Thank you for reading this article.

KNOW THE MEANING OF THESE YELLOW AND WHITE LINES ON THE ROAD !

We travel almost daily on roads and see various lines that are drawn on the road. Sometimes we get confused between various patterns and color of the road line. Knowing road marking is very important when it comes to road safety. In this article, we will tell you the meaning of various types of road lines.

Dashed white line

The most basic marking on roads, it means you may change lanes and are allowed to overtake a vehicle when it is safe to do so. A white line separates lanes of traffic moving in the same direction.

Solid white line

Solid white lines separate two lanes going the same direction. Basically seen on areas of strategic importance, when the line is solid it means that you are not allowed to overtake the car in front of you and should drive in a queue. These are also often used in construction areas to discourage drivers from moving around too much.

White lines on both sides of the road

These solid white lines running along the edge of the road indicate the “shoulder” of the road and let you know that — if the line is on your right side — you’re headed in the same direction as traffic.

Single Solid Yellow Line

Used in areas where visibility is low, it implies you are not meant to overtake any vehicle and should drive on your side.

Double Solid Yellow Lines

Usually used on dangerous roads or 2 lane roads, it strictly prohibits anybody from crossing over into the lane with traffic going in the opposite direction. A double yellow line indicates that passing is not allowed from either side of the road. It is mostly used in 2 lane roads.

Combo of one dashed/one yellow line in the center

This means vehicles on the side of the broken line can cross the line to the other side. Vehicles on the side of the unbroken line cannot.

Also, note that these conventions are region-specific. So, now you know the meaning of various color coding of road lines. Thank you for reading this article.