ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHT SYSTEM EXPLAINED !!

Adaptive Headlight System :-

Suppose you are driving home from a weekend vacation. It's late at night, and the winding two-lane road has no streetlights. You approach a curve at 40 mph -- slow enough to make the turn, but too fast to stop suddenly if you need to. 
In this case what would you do ?

One option is to slow down your vehicle and look what is in front as headlights are focusing in straight line.

Second option is to go with adaptive headlight system.

Standard headlights shine straight ahead, no matter what direction the car is moving. When going around curves, they illuminate the side of the road more than the road itself. Similarly, when a vehicle with standard headlights crests a hill, the headlight beams temporarily point upwards towards the sky. This makes it difficult for drivers to see the road ahead and for oncoming motorists to see the driver approaching.Adaptive headlights react to the steering, speed and elevation of the car and automatically adjust to illuminate the road ahead. When the car turns right, the headlights angle to the right. Turn the car left, the headlights angle to the left. This is important not only for the driver of the car with adaptive headlights, but for other drivers on the road as well. The glare of oncoming headlights can cause serious visibility problems. Since adaptive headlights are directed at the road, the incidence of glare is reduced.

A car with adaptive headlights uses electronic sensors to detect the speed of the car, how far the driver has turned the steering wheel, and the yaw of the car. Yaw is the rotation of the car around the vertical axis -- when a car is spinning, for example, its yaw is changing. The sensors direct small electric motors built into the headlight casing to turn the headlights. A typical adaptive headlight can turn the lights up to 15 degrees from center, giving them a 30-degree range of movement.

Adaptive headlights also benefit other motorists on the road. For example, when a vehicle turns around a bend in low-light conditions, standard headlights will temporarily point directly at oncoming traffic. This can lead to discomfort and temporary blindness for oncoming motorists. This problem is avoided with adaptive headlights, since their beams stay on the road and do not point at oncoming traffic. In addition, since headlight beams to not point at other motorists, it is safe for drivers who own a vehicle with adaptive headlights to use bi-xenon lights. Emitting a slightly blue-ish tint, these lights are brighter than standard lights and offer a clearer, more distinct view of the road ahead.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF THERMODYNAMICS !!!

1.Why Entropy decreases with increase in temperature?

 Ans: ds=dQ/T. Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so, as temp. Increases, entropy decreases.

2.What is the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics?
Ans: Heat transfer deals with the energy analysis which in transition and and depends on the modes of heat transfer like conduction, convection and radiation or combination of any modes. Heat transfer deals in non equilibrium domain and conditions while thermodynamics deals with study of system at equilibrium and does not depend on how heat transfer is calculated.

3.When a real gas behaves like ideal gas?

Ans:A real gas behaves like an ideal gas in low pressure and high temperature conditions.

4.What is Hess Law?

Ans:According to the Hess law the energy transfer is simply independent of the path being followed. If the reactant and the product of the whole process are the same then same amount of energy will be dissipated or absorbed.

 5.What do you understand by latent heat? Give examples of latent      heat.

Ans:For pure substances, the heat effects accompanying changes in state at constant pressure (no temperature change being evident) are known as latent heats. Examples of latent heats are the heat of fusion, vaporization, sublimation and change in crystal form.

6.What is the difference between heat capacity and specific heat of the material?

Ans:The heat capacity of material is the amount of heat transformed to raise unit mass of a material 1° in temperature.

The specific heat of material is the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to raise unit mass of a material 1° in temperature to that required raise unit mass of water 1° of temperature at some specified temperature.

For most of the engineering purposes, heat capacities may be assumed numerically equal to specific heat values.

7.Why gas containers are mostly in a cylindrical shape?

Ans:The ideal shape would be a sphere. The container must have the capacity to withstand the extremely high pressure of liquefied gas. A spherical shape helps in distributing these forces uniformly.

8.Explain why re-heater is used in gas turbine?

Ans:

The advantage of reheater is that it significantly increases the thrust; which is a prime reason for its use in gas turbines.

MANUAL VS AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION : WHICH ONE IS BEST ??

Let us first understand what is manual and automatic transmission and then we can proceed with the comparison.

What is Manual Transmission ?

Manual transmission cars are the cars that allow the driver to change the gears as per driving needs and there is a manual clutch pedal used while changing gears. The clutch uses solid clutch plate and pressure plate mechanism.

What is Automatic Transmission ?

Automatic transmission on the other hand works automatically depending on the vehicle speed and engine speed. In automatic transmission cars, there is no clutch pedal, and clutch-plate mechanism is replaced with a hydraulic torque converter.

Manual Transmission:

• Initial cost of manual transmission cars is low.
• Fuel Efficiency of Manual transmission is higher because of low energy loss of a clutch plate based system.
• Preventive maintenance  cost for Manual transmission is slightly lower.
• Breakdown maintenance cost of  manual transmission car due to lesser complex systems.
• Manual transmission is usually more sporty compared to automatic transmission.
• Manual transmission is less comfortable in city conditions due to changing of gears in traffic.
• It requires more skills to drive a manual transmission car as there has to be a coordination between speed and gears.

Automatic Transmission:

• Initial cost of automatic transmission car is higher.
• Fuel Efficiency of Automatic transmission car is lower because of energy losses in hydraulic torque converter are higher.
• Preventive maintenance cost for automatic transmission car is slightly higher.
• Breakdown maintenance cost of  automatic transmission car is higher due to complex system.
• The driver does not have full liberty to choose what gears  he/she wants to drive in, thus it is less sporty as compared to the manual transmission.
• Automatic transmission is very comfortable as the driver needs not worry about the clutch and there is no need to manually change the gears with changing speeds. This adds a lots of convenience in city traffic.
• It requires lesser skills to drive an automatic transmission car compared to manual transmission car.

Basically, automatic transmissions are easier to use and more comfortable for the driver, while manual transmission vehicles are less expensive and more involved.

Comment in the section below,which is best according to you.