IMPELLER Vs. PROPELLER !! DIFFERENCE EXPLAINED !!

Propellers and impellers both provide thrust, but do it in different ways.Let us understand the difference between two with the help of examples.

PROPELLER:

If you have ever seen pictures of ships closely, you must have noticed small rotating fans on both sides of the ship. 

These are propellers that actually help in propelling the ship forward. A propeller is an open running device that has the function of providing a thrust force. There is always a propelling fan on the mouth of an aircraft also. If we go by definitions given in various dictionaries, a propeller is a device having a revolving hub with rotating blades to propel an airplane, ship etc. 

A propeller is a special type of fan with blades that convert rotational motion into a force that helps in movement forward. This is because of a pressure difference that gets created between the front and the rear surfaces of the blades. This pressure difference pushes both air and water behind the blade. This thrust or force can be easily explained with the help of Newton’s laws of motion as well as Bernoulli’s theorem. Propellers are made heavy use of both in aviation as well as in ships.

IMPELLER:

Have you ever paid attention to the working behind the water pump that is used at home that sucks water from the main pipeline passing through the main road and brings it inside your home and then lifts it to the over head tank?

The working principle behind this pump is the impeller inside a casing that creates a sucking force that draws in liquid at a great force and diverts it to your overhead tank. An impeller is always inside a casing as its purpose is to draw the liquid inside as against a propeller that provides an outward thrust and is always open. An impeller, because of its rotation and especially designed blades, increases the pressure of the fluid and thus its flow. A centrifugal pump used to draw fluid is the best example of an impeller.

In brief:

Propeller vs Impeller

• Both propeller and impeller are specially designed blades with a motor.
• While a propeller is designed to covert rotational motion into forward thrust, an impeller is designed to use rotational motion to suck fluid in.
• A propeller has an open design while an impeller is always inside a casing or housing.

UNDERWATER WELDING !! HOW IT IS DONE ?? EXPLAINED !!

Underwater Welding:-

Underwater welding is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world. Underwater, the odds are stacked against you. The pressure threatens to crush the body. Clouds of bubbles making any task difficult to perform by blocking visuals.Underwater welders are responsible for repairing pipelines, offshore oil drilling rigs, ships, dams, locks, sub-sea habitats and nuclear power facilities, to name a few.

Underwater welding is the process of welding at elevated pressures, normally underwater. Underwater welding can either take place wet in the water itself or dry inside a specially constructed positive pressure enclosure and hence a dry environment.So,it can be classified into two categories:

1. Wet Welding
2. Dry Welding

Wet Welding:

Wet underwater welding directly exposes the diver and electrode to the water and surrounding elements.Divers usually use around 300–400 amps of direct current to power their electrode, and they weld using varied forms of arc welding.This practice commonly uses a variation of shielded metal arc welding, employing a waterproof electrode.

Wet welding with a stick electrode is done with similar equipment to that used for dry welding, but the electrode holders are designed for water cooling and are more heavily insulated. They will overheat if used out of the water.The electric arc heats the workpiece and the welding rod, and the molten metal is transferred through the gas bubble around the arc. 

The hazards of underwater welding include the risk of electric shock to the welder. To prevent this, the welding equipment must be adaptable to a marine environment, properly insulated and the welding current must be controlled.

Dry Welding / Hyperbaric Welding:

Another method of welding underwater is hyperbaric welding or dry welding. Hyperbaric welding is the process by which a chamber is sealed around the structure that is to be welded. It is then filled with a gas (typically mixture of helium and oxygen, or argon), which then forces the water outside of the hyperbaric sphere.

In most cases, and most ideally, a dry chamber system is used. Temporary hyperbaric chambers are used to prevent water from entering the work area. The chambers house up to three welders at a time.

Underwater welding is one of the most difficult jobs on the planet and in the water. Though with advancing technologies in robotic capabilities, advancements are being made to protect underwater welders. Despite what the future may hold, today underwater welders help maintain the most integral components of many industries around the world.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORTHOGONAL AND OBLIQUE CUTTING EXPLAINED !!

Metal cutting is “the process of removing unwanted material in the form of chips, from a block of metal, using cutting tool”.

Methods of Metal Cutting:

There are two basic methods of metal cutting based on cutting edge and direction of relative motion between tool and work:

(i) Orthogonal cutting process

(ii) Oblique cutting process 

(i) Orthogonal Cutting Process:

In orthogonal cutting process, the cutting edge is perpendicular (90 degree) to the direction of feed. The chip flows in a direction normal to cutting edge of the tool. A perfectly sharp tool will cut the metal on rack surface.

(ii) Oblique Cutting Process:

In oblique cutting process, the cutting edge is inclined at an acute angle (less than 90 degree) to the direction of feed. The chip flows sideway in a long curl. The chip flows in a direction at an angle with normal to the cutting edge of the tool.

Difference between the two is discussed in detail in the table below: