WHY GAPS BETWEEN RAILWAY TRACKS ? CHECK THE ANSWER HERE !!

In traditional railway construction, rails are laid down over sleepers, clamped to them and then fastened to one another by means of fishplates. These fishplates not only help the whole track structure to maintain its integrity but also ensure that a certain (small) distance between rails is kept. This is due to thermal expansion.

All metals expand when heated. If two railway tracks are laid together without any gap between them they will push against each other when they expand in the day time because of the heat of the sun, and when they cool down in the night they will contract and return to their original state pulling against each other.  This constant pushing and pulling against one another when they heat and expand in the day time and cool down and contract in the night will result in the weakening of the joints between the two tracks and after a few days the two tracks may also break free from one another. Such a situation will result in the derailment of the trains causing major accidents and loss of lives.

So, the railway engineers always leave a small gap between two rails to compensate for the expansion of the rails during the hot day time and contraction during cold nights.

Modern railways employ continuous soldered rails and track expansion devices at regular intervals (and usually at the start and end of bridges, tunnels, and other structures) to avoid the maintenance problems posed by rail thermal expansion and to increase rolling comfort.

FACTORS AFFECTING EXHAUST SOUND OF AN ENGINE EXPLAINED !!!

You might have heard different exhaust note of motorbikes and cars. For example, the exhaust sound of the Royal Enfield Classic 350 is completely different from Kawasaki Ninja 300. In this article, we will discuss various factors that affect the exhaust sound of an engine.

But, before we discuss that, a brief primer on sound: It originates as vibrations that cause air-pressure disturbances that hit our eardrums. The frequency, or Hertz (Hz), of a sound wave—how many times the wave oscillates in a second—determines how our brain processes and interprets it as a distinct pitch. A higher frequency makes for a higher pitch, and vice versa. A car’s engine under load plays a range of frequencies, but its root note—the pitch its musical chord is built on—is defined by its so-called dominant frequency.

These sound-generating vibrations derive from the combustion in each cylinder and the corresponding pressure waves in the intake and exhaust systems. They are all keyed to the engine’s rotational speed; as revs rise and fall, the pitch goes up and down.

FOLLOWING FACTORS AFFECT THE EXHAUST SOUND OF AN ENGINE:

1.) Air induction-  In most cars, this is damped heavily. If you have a k+N universal one, you will hear the hiss. Carb engines made a much more delightful noise. Seen an Alfa or was it a Ferrari with triple carbs. Intake manifolds also play a part in the induction noise.

2.)Top Part of Engine- More parts means more music or noise - double overhead cams should make more interesting sounds. Belt driven cars are a little quiet. It all depends on tolerances and valve lifts. Pushrod engines generally sound harsh at high speeds. So, camshaft, valves and other parts of an engine which are located at the upper part of the engine also determines the sound of an engine.

3.)Bottom Part of Engine- It depends on bore, stroke and the number of cylinders. If an engine is having a larger stroke, we will get thump like sound that we get in Royal Enfield. If the number of cylinders in an engine is more than one it will produce better sound as compared to single cylinder engine.

4.)Exhaust- The exhaust construction is a big influence: which cylinders are combined into one pipe, separate exhausts per bank or combined or separate with a balance pipe, material.

5.)Turbo- It actually muffles the car, produces hiss sound when the turbo comes on.

MG HECTOR !! 5 FACTS YOU MUST KNOW !!

MG Motor recently announced the name of its SUV for the Indian market. Called the MG Hector, the new SUV will be officially released in mid 2019. Prior to its launch, the carmaker has released a teaser video showing minor details about the vehicle, while testing in extreme climate conditions. Here are 5 interesting facts about the MG Hector SUV that you should know.

1. MG: A ‘NEW’ carmaker for India

Operational since 1924 (pre-Independence era), MG a.k.a Morris Garages was founded in the UK (95 years old) and is known for its classic sports cars and cabriolets. MG was acquired by China’s state-owned SAIC Motor Corporation (SAIC, formerly Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation) in the late 2000s.

According to the British automaker, the name ‘Hector’ takes inspiration from a couple of sources, all with reference to Europe. First off, the Hawker Hector which served as a biplane in the British Royal Army back in the 1930s. Second, Prince Hector of Troy, the warrior who fought valiantly in the Trojan War.

2. Competitive pricing and rivals

MG is targeting 75 per cent localisation with the Hector at launch. It is expected to be priced between Rs 15 lakh to Rs 20 lakh, similar price range as the Jeep Compass. The MG Hector will also go up against the Tata Harrier, Hyundai Tucson and the Mahindra XUV500.

3. Will get both petrol and diesel engines at the time of launch

The MG Hector will be powered by the same Fiat 2.0-litre Multijet diesel engine as the Jeep Compass. There will also be a petrol engine on offer, but MG Motor is yet to reveal any details about it. We believe that it could be a 1.5-litre turbocharged petrol, as seen on the China-spec Baojun 530. While the is there no confirmation regarding the automatic diesel variant, the petrol-powered Hector is expected to get an automatic version in India.

4. More than 45 MG dealerships at the time of launch

At the time of Hector’s launch, MG will have around 45 dealerships up and running across the country and almost as many service centres. Moreover, MG Motor will also set up a brand-owned dealership in Gurugram for those who want a more in-depth understanding of the brand. The carmaker says all MG owners will be part of an exclusive club as well. The carmaker has already announced 4 dealerships for Punjab, in Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar.

5. BIGGER THAN TATA HARRIER

Compared to its arch rival – Tata Harrier, the MG Hector is 57mm longer and 54mm taller. While the former measures 4598mm in length and 1706mm in height, the latter is 4655mm long and 1760mm tall. In terms of width, however, the Harrier takes a lead. While the Harrier is 1894mm wide, the Hector measures 1835mm in width.

The launch of the Hector has been confirmed to take place in Mid 2019, which could be in June 2019. MG will have 100 sales and service touchpoints in place by May 2019.

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