EVERYTHING YOU MUST KNOW ABOUT FOAMED CONCRETE !!

The full form of CLC is Cellular Lightweight Concrete. It also known as foamed
concrete. CLC is mainly used in construction as it has many benefits than the regular concrete bricks.

This foamed concrete is concrete with Portland cement, fly ash, water, sand
and preformed foam with various proportions. CLC can be easily manufactured at construction site with the same machine moulds used for normal concrete.

The main characteristic of this foamed concrete is its self-compacting property
and the compaction is not required. It is easily flowing through pump to the
mould. This helps to pumped it to the maximum distance and height.

The structure of CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete)

The clc mainly contains fly ash, cement and foam.

Fly Ash: The fly ash is a waste product of thermal power plants. It is not easily disposed. Fly ash is mainly used as raw material in CLC which solves the problem of disposal and also it is cost effective. The use of fly ash in clc makes it eco-friendly.

Cement: It is a mixture of Portland Cement, cement-silica, lime-pozzolana, cement-pozzolana and lime-silica. These all have same cell structure and they can get from gas-forming chemicals of foaming agents at measured levels.

Cellular Lightweight Concrete Manufacturing

These bricks are manufactured with mixing of raw ingredients in the concrete mixer. Strength is depending on the material used and also the air pocket content.

The continues CLC is made with mixing of light mortar and preformed foam with pressure in special static mixer.

What is the density of CLC?

Density is measured in KG per m3. The density of concrete is 2400 kg/m3. The foamed concrete density is between 400 kg/m3 to 1800 kg/m3.

The CLC density, is increased by foam filling. The foam is generated by foam-generator. The fly ash in clc decreases the density but it not affects the overall structure and strength. 

Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) are made with different density for various purposes.

Lower Density (400-600 kg/m3): The lower density clc are used for thermal and sound insulations. This density resists the fire, termite and moisture. The CLC is used as an alternating of glass wood, wood wool and thermocol.

Medium Density (800-1000 kg/m3): These bricks are used to make pre-cast blocks which are used for non-load bearing brickwork. It can be manufactured according to design and need.

High Density (1200-1800 kg/m3): This is a structural grade density and used in load-bearing walls and also in the ceiling of low-rise structures. It is also used in formation of partitioning walls and manufacture of pre-cast blocks for load-bearing brickwork. 

Benefits of CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete)

Lightweight – The CLC is lightweight and it helps in weight management of building material and craning work.

Fire Resistance – Air pockets in the CLC bricks make it fire resistance. The more density in the clc walls can withstand for hours in fire.

Thermal Insulation – The low density clc bricks are suitable for thermal insulation. It also supports structure.

Sound Absorption – It increases the acoustical insulation.

Eco-friendly – The fly ash is used in the clc.

Cost-Effective – As it is eco friendly and also the production cost is less than concrete block which saves the overall construction cost.

The CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) are termite proof and also resist to freezing. You can make this in cement bricks machine.

Where it is used?

- It is suitable for thermal insulation as bricks and clocks than the flat roofs and non-loading walls.

- Low density bricks are used in old sewer pipes, wells, unused cellars and basements, storage tanks, tunnels and subways.

- The heat-insulated light wall panel are made with clc.

- It also manages to maintain acoustical balance of concrete.

- It is used in light heat resistant ceramic tiles.

- For soil water drainage.

- It prevents freezing in bridges.

- Used for perlite plaster and lightweight concrete. 

Difference between Lightweight Concrete and Aerated Concrete?

Many have confusion between gas or aerated concrete. The bubbles in the aerated concrete are formed chemically by the reaction between aluminium powder, calcium hydro oxide and other alkaline.

There is a mixing of air-entraining agent with concrete in Aerated concrete. And the foam concrete is made with different technique.

Cellular lightweight concrete has various properties according to their use in different building projects in the world. It also prevents the air, water and noise pollution.

These bricks are more suitable as it has many properties like fire resistance, eco friendly and it is also a preferred material for contractors and architects.

Looking for concrete block making machine then Q Green Techcon PVT. LTD. Manufactures wide range of machines.

KNOW WHY AUTOMOBILE MARKET IS SLOWING DOWN !!

India’s automobile market is in deep trouble.Mahindra & Mahindra has registered a fall of 15 per cent in total monthly sales to 40,142 units in July 2019.The domestic sales of Honda Cars India have dived 48.67 per cent to 10,250 units in July 2019.TVS Motor Company has reported a sales decline of 13 per cent to 2,79,465 units in July 2019.

This massive drop in sales has happened despite the introduction of recent models like the Mahindra’s XUV300, the Hyundai Venue and the MG Hector.

Thus, this has caused a chain reaction across the industry ranging from manufacturers offering a number of discounts and offers and new launches to help instigate demand. Due to less demand, manufacturers are also having to cut down on production, sometimes even shutting their factories down to adjust inventory.Let us discuss the reasons behiend the slowdown in this article.

Reasons behind this slowdown:

1.)The automobile sector was impacted due to impending general elections, where uncertainty over outcome drove people to postpone vehicle purchases.

2.)Severe floods in some areas also affected the sales figure.

3.)In addition, credit availability is tight, fuel prices are high, a judicial intervention has raised upfront insurance costs sharply, and the prices of automobiles have gone up on account of higher input costs.

4.)Due to the Electric Vehicle roadmap, customers have fears that any vehicle that they purchase could potentially become obsolete in the next decade or so. Thus they are clearly looking to hold on to their current vehicles in order to avoid an unnecessary purchase if EVs are on the way. 

5.)Higher and non-standard road taxes, which have been too frequent and inconsistent have led to auto-makers having to increase prices of vehicles.

6.)The ever-rising GST on automotive parts and vehicles has also added to the woes of the industry. This has eventually led to customers shying away from buying these vehicles and a downturn in sales. 

7.)With increase in public transport,metro and services like OLA and Uber have also compelled people of not buying their own vehicle.

KNOW WHY BASE OF PACKAGED WATER BOTTLE IS FLAT !!

The bumps or the corrugations in the foot of the bottle increases the strength of the bottle. Take a sheet of paper and fold it. You can easily fold the paper. Now bend any one side of the sheet and try to fold it. You will now feel some resistance. Now, roll the paper into a pipe and try folding it. It will be little hard to fold the paper pipe. Bending any material increases its strength and rigidity. This is because; rolling the paper increases its moment of inertia around the bending axis.

Soft drinks are served chilled. When a liquid is cooled, its volume changes and the bottle must not buckle because of this change in volume. The corner or the tip of the bump can slightly expand/contract without breaking which takes care of the change in volume of the liquid.

Soft drink bottles have to stand up to pressure because of the carbonation. The 5 point bottoms are designed to hold the pressure better. A 5 point bottom isn't the only way, its just one way that works well and is in common use.Because bottles of carbonated liquid are pressing outward, which would cause a flat bottom to bulge out, become rounded, and then wouldn't stand up right any more -- the five points make a steady base no matter how much pressure is inside.

Bottled water is not carbonated so there is no need for a pointed bottom. A flat bottom uses less plastic, and holds up better in drop testing.

KNOW WHY I-SECTION BEAMS ARE USED FOR RAILWAY TRACKS !!

Generally rail tracks are made in I Section.We might wonder many times that why any other shape is not used.We might also wonder, why solid section is not used??We will discuss the reason behind selection of I beam for railway tracks in this article.

The usual, Flat Footed rails used for Broad Gauge lines is shown below with its components below.

This is typical shape of the cross-section of a track laid with Flat-footed Rails.

The Bull headed rails resemble the 'I' shape more correctly.

These are shaped so for following purposes:

> The top portion or the HEAD of the rail is thicker to take up the impact of the fast moving wheels, and carry the load of trains preventing abrasion of the tracks.

>The WEB of the rail is to uplift the train from the ground level; and as the inner flanges of wheels are of greater area than the outer flanges as shown below, so the web mainly provides clear cover (distance) between wheel base and the sleeper/ ballast layer.

>The FLAT FOOT provides two-fold purpose. Easy clamping i.e fixing to the sleeper beneath it because of wider area as well as greater surface area due to flat foot helps in load transfer to the sleeper more efficiently which further transfers the load to ballast and later sub-base.

WHY I-SHAPED ONLY USED,WHY NOT ANY OTHER SHAPE:

• A beam is more efficient when more material is AWAY from the center. It’s has more strength as compared to solid.

• Upper half should be wide enough to support the wheel and lower half should be wide & thick enough for clamping. Taking out extra materials saves significant amount of iron without compromising over strength thus giving it the shape of what you asked.
• Rail needs to be stiff in the vertical direction to take the load of the train.
• It needs to be relatively flexible in the horizontal direction so it can easily bend around curves.So material is reduced at the center to allow a bit of flexibility.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COOLANT AND LUBRICANT EXPLAINED !!

We will be talking these two terms in context to engine.

COOLANT :

Coolant in engine is used to absorb the heat of the engine. It is used in radiator and circulated outside the engine(They pass through the engine through jackets provided).

Water is used as coolant but now a days chemicals are used along with water. They prevent the rusting, cool engine fast and doesn't freeze.

LUBRICANT:

Lubricants are used inside the engine. They are hydrocarbons made up of base oil and additives. Base oil is the product of refining of crude like diesel and petrol and additives are chemicals mixed with base oil for specific purposes.

They reduce friction, seals the engines, indicates service life, clean the carbon, cool the engines, preventing breaking of parts and distributes the pressure. Lubricants outside the engine are used as greases and gear oil.

KNOW WHY AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION VEHICLE GIVES LESS MILAGE THEN MANUAL TRANSMISSION VEHICLE !!

You might have wondered why 100cc scooter gives less mileage than 100cc manual transmission bike. Think about it where a 100cc scooter returns mileage near 40-50 Kmpl, an average 100cc motorcycle provides mileage over 60 Kmpl. The answer to this question lies in the transmission used where the scooters use automatic CVT transmission, while motorcycles use a proper 4 or 5 speed manual transmission.We will discuss about the reason behind this in this article.

Lets start with the purpose of a gearbox. The engine of a vehicle runs at a certain rotary speed or revolutions per minute ( RPM ). The required speed of revolution of the wheels is usually much less than that. For example, a typical 100cc bike engine can rev upto 6000rpm, but if the wheels ( 18 inch dia ) of a typical 100cc bike move at that speed, it would reach a velocity of 518 kmph!
So basically the gearbox is the intermediate mechanism which allows the engine and wheels to run at different rpm. 

The scootys use a system called a Continuously Variable Transmission ( CVT ), which in its simplest form is just a a cone pulley system with belts which allows for automatic adjustment of speed. The 100cc bike on the other hand has a manual gearbox, which requires you to manually select an ideal gear ratio for the given speed. Usually bikes have 5 gear speed ratios to choose from nowadays and they are thus called 5 speed gearboxes. 

Fuel economy depends on your RPM. The lower the rpm, the better fuel economy. Bikes with gears allow us to shift into higher gears and by doing so, the rpms decrease.At a given speed (say 40kmph), when in higher gear (4th gear), the bike has lesser rpms as compared to it going at same speed (40kmph) in a lower gear (3rd).In a gearless scooter, the rpms just keep building up continuously. So it has lesser fuel economy. 

Also, another major contributor to this is the fact that gearless scooters have a centrifugal clutch. In such a system, as the speed is building up, the centrifugal force acting on the clutch increases. Thus, it always remains partially engaged (detached from the input shaft). This translates into power loss and thus lesser fuel economy.  

 
The clutch is not controlled by the rider, it works automatically, and the clutch is also a pretty inefficient unit which draws its power from none other than the engine. This results in more loss of power and to make that up in terms of performance, the efficiency of the scooter takes a hit.

But most consumers don't mind because of the convenience of not shifting gears manually seems a fair trade-off. However, automatic transmissions are getting more high tech as we speak, and very soon this difference in efficiency will be negligible. 

KNOW WHY NEW TEST VEHICLES ARE CAMOUFLAGED !!

We have all seen photos of anticipated upcoming models wrapped in black padding and crazy checkerboard and swirl patterns, and might have wondered if all that is really necessary.We will discuss the reason behind wrapping the new cars in this article.

While much of a new car or truck’s development happens behind closed doors, there’s no substitute for real-world testing on both private tracks and public roads, at which point a test vehicle – called a “mule” in automotive language.After manufacturing every vehicle has to be tested on road to see how it behaves.

To travel in public , automotive engineers for decades have employed visual deception which is known as camouflage to disguise what they are working on or testing from the eyes of always interested and ever-present media and competitive automakers.

Camouflage is important to automakers as they develop and test vehicles, for a variety of reasons. An accidental early look at a new design can impact the sales of existing vehicles as consumers compare their current purchase considerations to those on the horizon.

The camouflage is there to deceive your eyes. Most car companies use them to protect the design of their, soon to be released, cars. The camouflage hides any sleek edges and doesn't give a clear look into the car's details. No, it doesn't necessarily hide the car as a whole and they are usually easy to distinguish what type of car it is. But, it does hide their new design.

Lets compare, we'll use the 2016 Honda civic as an example. Look specifically at the hood. notice any fine details to the hood like raising or lowering sections? You can also see this "illusion" in the grill of the car, where the Honda logo would be located. and lastly look towards the sides of the doors, notice how the non-camouflaged one looks to cave-in more towards the bottom.

The last thing a manufacturer wants is for its upcoming model to create a market that it is not ready to fill. Worse yet, when the car is finally released, its design can feel stale because the internet and magazines have been publishing pictures of it for a year or two.