DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PIPE AND HOSE EXPLAINED !

Transportation of fluids uses different types of tubes, among which most commonly used tubes are hoses and pipes. They are efficient in transferring liquids from one point to the other.We will discuss the difference between hose and pipe in this article.

Pipe

A pipe is a hollow cylinder or tubular section, which is used in conveying substances that flow. They are typically utilized for structural applications, fabrication and railings. Tube and pipes can be interchangeable. However, when it comes to engineering and the industry, these terms have separate definitions. Pipes are usually put up for long-term purposes. The flow of the liquids is supported by tees and elbows.

Hose

A hose is a hollow-shaped tube created to transmit fluids from one point to the next. Hoses are built based on application and performance. They are usually designed based on their Pressure rating, weight, length, coil hose, straight hose and chemical compatibility. There are various types of hose based on their applications, such as garden hose, fire hose or air hose. They are usually used with spigots or clamps in order manage water flow.

Difference Between Hose and Pipe:

>A hose is a hollow-shaped tube created to transmit fluids from one area to the next.

>A pipe is a hollow cylinder or tubular section, which is used in conveying substances that flow.

>A hose is smaller than pipe.

>Hose is composed of a more flexible material compared to pipes that are composed of rigid tubes.

>Hoses are a combination of various materials from polyurethane, polyethylene, nylon and natural or synthetic fibers while pipes are made from fiberglass, metals, ceramic, plastic and concrete.

>A hose generally has a circular cross section while pipes may or may not have one. 

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KNOW WHY PLASTIC COVER IS USED OVER ENGINES IN CAR !

There is one thing you will notice under the bonnet of a modern car that is use of plastics over engine. But why every single car has these plastic engine covers? Why do car manufacturers bother to spend extra time and money to make them?We will answer all these questions in this article.

Under the plastic cover we have fuel lines,spark plugs,fuel injectors,alternator and many other mechanical components.Plastic cover is used with engine to serve following purpose:

1.) A plastic engine cover hides wires and fuel lines, while making them still quite easily accessible. A nicely dressed engine bay typically means that some components can be hard to reach for repair. When you have a big piece of plastic hiding everything, you don’t have to worry about the looks – it is the cheapest way to keep the engine bay looking tidy. This is equivalent to cleaning the mess off of your desk straight into the drawer – out of sight, out of mind.

2.) It provides good insulation that gives a cooler surface that are safer for the general person to interact with. This also helps keep the bonnet cooler.

3.) Plastic engine covers can be heat-resistant and absorb vibrations, making the sound of the engine just that little bit quieter. 

4.) Cover keeps fluids below the cover. In a car with high speeds, usually more oil splatter and coolant being thrown around, up on the hood, etc. If you take cover off, you would find some oil, grease and/or dried coolant under it.

5.)Plastics are easily manufactured to cover the complex engine shape, light weight and are inexpensive. 

So,these are the reasons for the use of plastic cover over engine. It is likely that in the future, engines are going to be tucked away even more and not accessible without specialized equipment.

KNOW WHY MAN DECORATED HIS JAGUAR S-TYPE WITH 4,600 COLOURFUL TOY CARS !!

Malaysian businessman named Datuk Seri Mahadi Badrul Zaman, the CEO of Financial Genius Team, has been turning heads with his unique ride all around Kuala Lumpur.The businessman, who is an avid Hot Wheels toy collector, decorated his prized Jaguar S-Type with 4,600 colorful toy cars from his collection.

Reports of an unusual-looking Jaguar S-Type limousine covered in thousands of miniature cars driving around the Malaysian capital had been circulating on social media for a few weeks, but no one knew anything about it, who the owner was or if it was just some sort of marketing stunt.

The owner stats the reason behind this that he has been a Hot Wheels car enthusiast since he was 13, and now is the proud owner of around 5,000 vehicles, 4,600 of which are as an attachment stick with glue to his car. 

It definitely looks different, but I’m guessing the maintenance for such a “paint job” has got to be a nightmare. You can’t park it anywhere for fear that someone’s going to yank a toy car off the car, and cleaning it can’t be very easy either. But if you’re an attention seeker, this is definitely an eyeball magnet.

KNOW WHAT NOT TO DO IN CASE OF A SNAKE BITE !!

Getting bitten by a venomous snake can be very scary, and can lead people to react in exactly the wrong way: Maybe they panic, try to catch or kill the snake, or apply ice or a tourniquet to the wound, which can be disastrous in certain situations.

So, what should we do in case we are bitten by a snake? In this article we will discuss what to do and what NOT to do in case a person is bitten by snake.

All snake bites require medical attention, even if the snake is nonvenomous. Proper wound care can help prevent infection and limit how severe the injury becomes.It is vital never to assume that a snake is nonvenomous without first consulting an expert. The mis classification of snake species could be fatal.

SYMPTOMS FOR SNAKE BITE:

Usually, people know right away if a snake has bitten them. However, these animals can strike quickly and disappear before people have time to react.

Most snake bites can cause pain and swelling around the bite. Those that are venomous may also cause fever, a headache, convulsions, and numbness. However, these symptoms can also occur due to intense fear following the bite.

WHAT TO DO:

• Get to an emergency room as soon as possible. Even if the bite isn't poisonous, you’re at risk of tetanus, a serious bacterial infection, if your shot isn't up to date.
• Move the limb where the bite happened as little as possible. This will help slow the spread of the venom.
• Take note of the snake’s appearance. Your description will help the doctor identify what bit you. (Your location will also be a clue.)
• Note the time the bite happened so the doctor knows how much time has passed.
• Remove any jewelry around the area of the bite before swelling begins.
• Use Tylenol for pain, if needed.

  WHAT NOT TO DO:

• Do not pick up the snake or try to wrap it up or kill it, as this will increase the chance of getting another bite. Even a dead snake is able to bite.
• Do not apply a tourniquet.
• Do not cut across the site of the bite marks.
• Do not try to suck out the venom.
• Do not apply ice.
• Do not immerse the wounded area in water.
• Do not drink beverages with caffeine.

In most cases, it is necessary to remain in the hospital for up to 24 hours in order to monitor blood pressure and overall health.

KNOW WHY THERE IS BULGE IN EXHAUST PIPE OF DIRT BIKE !

Dirt bike engine uses two stroke gasoline engine.The exhaust pipes of dirt bikes are shaped strange. They expand into a wide diameter and then shrink down to a very small diameter where the exhaust gasses emerge into the environment.In this article we will understand why these exhaust pipes are shaped in that manner.

That bulge is called an expansion chamber, and it is used to increase the horsepower of the engine . This technique only works on two-stroke engines, which is why you see it on a lot of dirt bikes but not on street bikes. Most street bikes use four-stroke engines.

The basic idea behind an expansion chamber is to use the momentum and pressure of the exhaust gases to create a pump that squeezes more air and fuel into the cylinder during the intake stroke. It does the same sort of thing that a turbocharger does, but it does it without moving parts.

How it works:

While moving downwards after ignition, the piston exposes the exhaust opening, and the burned gas streams into the exhaust pipe like a (high pressure) shock wave.

Due to the inertia, this gas will create a slight vacuum wave behind it, which helps to suck out more burned gas, but also fresh gas as soon as the intake opening is uncovered. 

The first cone helps to increase the vacuum: When the gas travels through the pipe with a certain speed, it travels through a certain volume per time. If the cross section is increased and the speed remains the same, the wave travels through a larger volume. This creates more vacuum volume behind the wave.

Now we have fresh gas in the cylinder, but also in the manifold. The shock wave now hits the right cone and gets reflected.That is, you now have a shock wave running towards the cylinder. It hits the fresh gas right in the moment when the intake opening is covered by the piston, and presses this gas into the cylinder. When the piston covers the exhaust opening, too, the fresh gas already is under some pressure.

This way, the exhaust forms some kind of compressor, increasing the volumetric efficiency / power of the motor.

KNOW WHY MANHOLES ARE ROUND IN SHAPE !!

You might have noticed that most manholes, and their covers, are round in shape.We will discuss the reason behind the round shape of manhole cover in this article.

1.Mishandling the Manhole cover-A round manhole cover cannot fall through its circular opening, whereas a square manhole cover could fall in if it were inserted diagonally in the hole.

2. Rolling the Manhole Cover -A round manhole cover is easily moved and rolled.

3. Strongest shape-When a square or rectangular manhole cover is subjected to sudden vertical compression (think of a very heavy truck driving over it), the weakest spot, the center, isn't equidistant to all supporting sides, especially the corners, which give support from two directions and are thus the strongest points (for similar reasons, experts recommend you stand in the corner of a room during an earthquake). With a circular cover, the center is equidistant from all supporting sides, and due to the gradual curve, any point along the edge gives almost as much support as a corner on a square cover. Circular shape results in uniform stress distribution.

4. Circular covers don’t need to be rotated or precisely aligned when placing them on the opening.

5. Round tubes are the strongest shape against the compression of the earth around them, so the cover of the tube would naturally be round as well.

6. It’s easier to dig a circular hole.

KNOW WHY HEADLIGHTS OF NEW MOTORBIKES ARE ALWAYS ON !!

You might have seen all two-wheelers which are launched after 2017 have their headlights always ON, we do not have an option to turn it OFF. In this article, we will discuss the reason behind always ON headlight in two-wheelers.

All new motorcycles and scooters that roll into the market need to feature AHO from April 1st, 2017 onwards. Most two-wheeler manufacturers term AHO as All-time Headlight On or Automatic Headlight On system. As the name suggests, new motorcycles and scooters which are sold and registered after April 1st, 2017 need to have the headlights on at all times. Yes, even during the day.

This is in compliance to a notice issued by the Road and Transport Ministry of India. All new bikes equipped AHO will not have a button to switch on the headlight, since it will always be on, but will only get high-beam and low-beam buttons along with the pass switch.

Why headlights need to be turned ON always:

This is a safety measure initiated by the ministry and is followed in many international countries. The idea behind this is that keeping headlights on throughout the day, even when the sun is nice and bright, makes spotting two-wheelers easier on the road. So, others on the road can see the motorcycle or scooter from a distance. It is also helpful during tricky light conditions during dusk, dawn or in case of sudden clouds casting a shadow. In short, it is a safety measure to increase the visibility of the two-wheelers on the road so that accidents can be prevented.


This will strain two-wheeler batteries a little more, but without hampering the battery in any way. Most modern motorcycles and scooters use advanced battery and alternators system, which can comfortably manage the extra load. This will no way alter fuel economy either. So, no need to worry.

Now-a-days most of the companies are coming up with DRL (Day-time Running Lights) on their motorcycle headlights as seen on the Bajaj Platina. This is basically a small, but fairly bright strip of light incorporated in the headlight console. This strip remains illuminated even if the headlight isn’t switched on, so that the on-coming traffic can clearly see the motorcycle or scooter approaching.

KNOW WHY WASHER IS USED WITH NUT AND BLOT !!

Washers are often used in conjunction with threaded fasteners. Washers consist of a flattened, circular- or disc-shaped piece of metal with a hole in the middle. Skipping on washers can dramatically reduce the lifespan of how your product is put together. Ultimately, that leads to disaster for the product itself. Not just any washer will do for all applications. Once you understand that, you can give washers the respect they deserve. In this article, we will discuss the use of washers with respect to nut and bolts.

Load Distribution

The primary purpose of most washers is to evenly distribute the load of the threaded fastener with which they are used. Threaded fasteners stress the material in which they are driven. For example, driving a screw into the wood may cause the wood to crack around the surface. Washers reduce the risk of such damage by evenly distributing the fastener’s load across the surface of the material. Not all materials require the use of washers. 

But for wood and other relatively soft materials, washers are useful to protect against stress-related damage when the threaded fastener is driven into the material.

Spacing

Washers can also be used as spacers. If the threaded fastener is longer than the depth of the object, you won’t be able to drive it all the way into the object — not without having some of the fastener stick out the back of the object, at least. Driving a 4-inch screw into an object that’s 3 inches deep will result in 1 inch of the screw’s tip protruding out of the back of the object. 

A simple solution to this problem is to use washers. Placing washers through the threaded fastener before driving it into the object creates padding so that the fastener doesn’t go too deep.

Vibration Absorption

Certain types of washers are designed to absorb vibrations. Known as vibration damping or vibration-isolating washers, they usually aren’t made of metal. Instead, they are made of a softer material like plastic, rubber or urethane. Softer materials such as these are more effective at absorbing vibrations than hard materials, including metal.

If a threaded fastener is being used to connect two objects, and one of those objects producing vibrates aggressively, using vibration-damping washers can protect the other object from damage.

Liquid Protection

Other types of washers prevent the ingress of water and liquids. They are often used in water pipes and connections to create a waterproof seal. Like vibration-damping washers, liquid-sealing washers are made of a soft material that’s able to press completely against the surface of the object.

KNOW THE MECHANISM BEHIND EMERGENCY PULL CHAIN !!

You might have seen an Emergency pull chain in Railways. The chain is used to stop the train at the time of an Emergency. Most of us though know what the Pull chain is been used for but do not know the exact mechanism of it. Here is a brief description of what exactly happens in a Train when you pull the Emergency chain.

In a Typical Indian train, the coaches are interconnected by two pipe hoses. The alarm pull chain is in continuity with the Brake pipe (As in the Schematic diagram below) constantly maintained at specific air pressure.
Whenever the chain is been pulled some Air (earlier vacuum drop was used) escapes from the Passenger Emergency Alarm Valve ( PEAV ) vent. 
 

This drop in pressure results in the application of the brake cylinder/piston assembly in the bogie of the coach, which starts pressing the brake pads on the wheels or disc of the entire train. The loco pilot also notices the air pressure drop in the gauge and then uses his own skills to help the train stop comfortably.

As soon as there is pressure drop, the driver whistles in "two short one long" to indicate to the guard and the train TTEs that there has been Alarm chain pulling.

The guard's compartment also has the air pressure gauge which gives him an indication.

Also recently the coaches have been fitted with emergency flashers on the sidewalls of the coaches, and these flashers are also activated when the brake pipe pressure is lost for any reason other than the driver's application of the brakes.

Assistant Driver and Guard find out in which coach the ACP actually occurred and help to "put right" the concerned coach i.e. the lever needs to be manually reset that helps to release the brakes of that coach. Until this is done, the lamp and buzzer in the locomotive cab are continuously activated. The air pressure system again builds up air pressure and that releases all brakes of all coach and the train gets ready to depart.

KNOW WHY BUCKETS GENERALLY HAVE FRUSTUM SHAPE !!

You might have noticed that buckets generally have a conical or frustum like shape. Have you ever wondered why is it designed so? Why not any other shape?
We will discuss the reason behind the conical shape of the bucket in this article.

The bucket is designed in conical shape due to the following reasons:

1.)A bucket is typically used to put something in, e.g. you dip a mug in it or wash something in it. This means having a large top area is useful for easy access.

2.)It makes it easy to hold or lift the bucket of such shape as any other shape like a cylinder or frustum upside down will have the chances of slipping down.

3.)The center of gravity of frustum shape is such that it provides the least effort and easy means to lift it.

4.)While pouring down the water or liquid out, the frustum of the cone-shaped bucket provides easy grabbing and balance and comfort.

5.)This shape allows multiple buckets to be stacked (nested) inside each other, providing both dense and secure storage of large numbers of buckets.

Compared to the cylinder, a frustum shape gives maximum weight distribution while lifting thus minimum effort is used while lifting bucket of frustum shape.

KNOW WHY 10:10 IS DEFAULT TIME IN CLOCK !

You might have noticed that the watches and clocks found in product photographs and advertisements usually show the time 10:10.Have you wondered the reason behind this.We will discuss the reason for this in this article.

 

These are some reasons why exactly this time is chosen.According to the New York Times, the main reason is quite simple and obvious: aesthetics. There are a number of visual advantages to having the hands set at the 10:10 positions.

1.)One is that the hands are kept from overlapping at this position. Having them on both sides of the watch face ensures that the hands themselves are visible and can be appreciated.

2.)When we look at a watch at 10:10, we consider as if the watch is smiling. It is lovely to have a smiling face, rather than having a crying face when the time is at 8:20. So the form of the hands has a positive effect on the view.

 3.)The arrangement of the hands is symmetrical, which people generally find more pleasant than asymmetry, making the product more appealing to customers.

4.) The manufacturer's logo, usually is in the center of the face under the 12, is not only visible but nicely framed when the needles are positioned at 10:10.

5.) Additional elements on the face (like date windows or secondary dials), usually placed near the 3, 6, or 9, won't be obscured.

There are a number of urban legends regarding the 10:10 time floating around in the world. Many of them attribute it to a historic event (e.g. Lincoln/JFK assassinations, the dropping of the atomic bombs), but there isn’t any truth behind those explanations. 

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANUFACTURING AND FABRICATION !

Fabrication and manufacturing are industrial terms linked to the process of production or construction. Often, the two processes are confused, yet they are very different from each other. In this article we will explore the meaning of both fabrication and manufacturing in industrial processes.

Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into a finished product, by means of large-scale industrial operations.The manufacturing process are the steps in which the raw materials have to undergo before they are converted into the final product.Essentially, it is producing something from start to finish. The manufacturing sector involves large scale production with the use of machines, tools and chemical/biological processing. It is the course that raw materials have to undergo before being considered a final product.

Fabrication refers to the process of constructing products by combining diverse, typically standardized parts. The concept of fabrication always involves the process of assembling. An example of the process of fabrication is the fabrication of a boat by assembling standard components.

The key difference:

The key difference between manufacturing and fabrication is how much of the process a job involves. Fabrication involves the assembly of standard or specialised parts to form parts of a product to be used in the manufacture of the finished piece. Manufacturing, however, is a start to finish movement, from the creation of parts through to the final assembly to produce a finished product, often using areas of fabrication within the manufacturing process.

KNOW THE PURPOSE OF HOLE IN WASHBASIN !

You all must have seen the hole in the washbasin. Have you ever wondered, what is the purpose of these holes on the side of a sink. We will discuss the purpose of the hole in the washbasin in this article.

This opening is located on the wall of the basis nearest to you, near the top of the basin. The overflow opening serves two important functions:

1.)If the water tap is left on while the drain stopper is closed, the opening will channel water down into the drain opening rather than letting is spill out of the sink onto the floor.

2.)The overflow allows the sink to drain faster by introducing air into the system.

Preventing Overflow:

If you close the drain of your bathroom sink and fill up the sink basin to the level of the overflow hole, the water will begin draining into the overflow opening and down the drain. This helps prevent the water from spilling over the top of the basin, but because sink overflow holes are usually small, they may not prevent an overflow for very long.

Improving Drainage:

The sink overflow helps the basin drain faster by allowing air into the drain pipe via the overflow channel. When there's enough water in the basin to completely cover the drain opening, the drain can't get air through the water, creating a suction effect that slows the flow of water going down the drain. But with the overflow feeding air to the drain pipe, the suction effect is reduced and the water drains much faster. By contrast, sinks that don't have overflow openings commonly send up bubbles as they drain, and they typically drain more slowly.

Different sinks have varying designs along with hole types and where they are located. Some might be on the same side of the basin, whereas others might be located under the faucet or at the sink’s opposite side. The difference in the placement of these holes is meant for aesthetic reasons only.