1.)BUTT-WELDING – Form of electrical resistance welding, the passage of current between the ends of the sections to be joined causing a rise in temperature sufficient to fuse the metal.
2.)CALENDERING – A process that involves rolling of the product into sheets to achieve the desired surface finishes and thickness.
3.)CASTING – Process of producing a metal object by pouring molten metal
into a mould.
4.)COINING (embossing) – Shaping a piece of a metal in a mould or die often creating raised figures or numbers.
5.)COLD DRAWING – Reducing the cross section of a metal bar or rod by drawing it through a die, at a temperature below the recrystallization range, usually room temperature.
6.)COLD ROLLING – Reducing the cross-section of a metal bar in a rolling mill below the recrystallization temperature, usually room temperature.
7.)COLD SAWING – Any sawing process in which the chips are not heated to the softened state.
8.)COLD WORKING – Deforming a metal plastically at a temperature below its lowest recrystallization temperature. Strain hardening occurs as a result of this permanent deformation.
9.)ETCHING – Process of marking a metal by eating into it with an acid or other chemical.
10.)EXFOLIATION – Cracking of the outer skin of the metal.
11.)EXTRUSION – Process in which metal (often heated) is caused to flow through a restricted orifice by using an extremely high force, so creating an extremely elongated strip of uniform, but comparatively small cross-section.
12.)FLASH WELDING – Method of electric resistance welding of sections of material by the formation of an electric arc between the edges of the pieces to be joined and then pressing together with a light pressure the molten edges.
13.)FLATTING – Finishing operation carried out at the end of the work cycle to remove the various hammer marks on the surface left in by the previous shaping operations.
14.)HONING– Process whereby a mirror finish is given to important bearing surfaces by using hones or abrasive tools that normally employ both rotary and longitudinal motion.
15.)IMPACT EXTRUSION– In this process, a slug of metal is placed on a solid bottom die, and the impact of the punch causes the metal to flow back over the punch, which has a uniform section, slightly relieved.
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