KNOW WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFICIENCY & EFFICACY !!

These days we repetitively hear one word that is efficacy. This term is being used most commonly with vaccines. You might wonder what does this mean and how is this different from efficiency. Let us discuss the difference between them in this article.

Efficiency:

Efficiency is doing things in the most economical way whether in terms of time, energy, or money. It is the ratio of the output to the inputs of any system (good input to output ratio). Once you have found a solution, you can then try to improve it by making it more efficient. In clinical trials, two drugs could be equally effective: they both manage to improve patients’ symptoms in the real world. However, if one of them is much more costly than the other one, that drug won’t be considered as efficient.

Efficacy:

Efficacy is getting things done. It is the ability to produce a desired amount of the desired effect, or success in achieving a given goal. The word efficacy is used in pharmacology and medicine to refer to the maximum response achievable from a pharmaceutical drug in research settings. It simply focuses on the output without considering the input.

To summarize: efficacy means getting things done (is it working?), effectiveness means doing the right things (is it actually working well?), and efficiency means doing things right (is it working in the most economical way?)

KNOW WHY EVERY QR CODE HAS 3 BIG SQUARES !

Nowadays, we see QR codes almost everywhere. While doing UPI payments, using WhatsApp web, going to a website, or seeking additional information, QR codes come in handy. Every QR code has one thing in common, they have 3 squares on the corner. This may seem to be quite normal but they have a specific purpose to serve. In this article, we will explore the reason behind those three squares on the QR code.

A QR code or Quick Response code is a type of two-dimensional barcode invented in 1994 by the Japanese automotive company with the purpose to track vehicles during manufacturing. The Quick Response system became popular due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to standard barcodes. A QR code consists of black squares arranged in a square grid on a white background, which can be read by an imaging device such as a camera. The point of the QR code is to allow you to easily access their website without typing any web addresses into your phone — just by scanning a picture.

When your Smartphone scans the QR code, it translates that information into something that can be easily understood by humans. QR codes can be divided into various parts as shown below.

1. Quiet zone: An empty white border that makes it possible to isolate the code from among other printed information (for example, on a dirty envelope, among the black and white print of a newspaper).

2. Finder patterns: One unique feature of QR code is that it can be read at any orientation be it at angle or upside down. These 3 squares allow the reader (an app on your smartphone or a dedicated one) to determine the code’s orientation, size and viewing angle. If all 4 corners were the same, the scanner would not know if the code was the right way up, upside down, or rotated 90 degrees clockwise or anticlockwise.

3. Alignment pattern: This ensures the code can be read even if it's distorted (viewed at an angle, printed on a curved surface, and so on).

4. Timing pattern: This runs horizontally and vertically between the three finder patterns and consists of alternate black and white squares. The timing pattern makes it easy to identify the individual data cells within a QR code and is especially useful when the code is damaged or distorted.

5. Version information: There are various different versions of the QR code standard; the version information (positioned near two of the finder patterns) simply identifies which one is being used in a particular code.

6. Data cells: Each individual black or white square that's not part of one of the standard features (the timing, alignment, and other patterns) contains some of the actual data in the code.

So, QR codes contain a lot of data that we see in form of boxes. Every pattern of QR code has a different set of data inside. So from the next time you see a QR code, you know the purpose of those 3 squares.

Thank you for reading the article.

KNOW WHY FLUSH HAS 2 BUTTONS !!

Modern-day toilets come with two flush buttons, one is smaller than the other. Have you ever imagined why there are two buttons? Let us discuss the reason behind this in the following article.

This type of arrangement is known as Dual Flush. Modern toilets have 2 types of levers or buttons and both buttons are attached to the exit valve. The two buttons dis-engage valves at different heights in the flush tank. Usually, the smaller one has its exit valve at a higher level which gives a smaller discharge of water. The second button is connected to the lower exit valve and empties the complete tank.

In short, pressing the big button gives 6 to 9 liters of water, and pressing the small button gives 3 to 4.5 liters of water. Clearly, the larger one is to flush solid waste and the smaller one is to flush liquid waste. This is a smart way of water conservation.

According to the reports, if Dual Flushing is adopted instead of Single Flush at a house, then 20 thousand liters of water can be saved annually. You must have been surprised to hear this, but it is true. Though the installation may cost you a little more than the normal flush, it is eco-friendly and helps cut down on water bills. So, the next time you use the toilet, flush as per your need.