WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU PUT JET FUEL IN YOUR CAR? HERE IS THE ANSWER !

Jet fuel more precisely known as “Jet-A”which can be understood as lead-free kerosene, much closer in structure to diesel fuel. Due to this characteristics,it can be used to fuel Turbine Engines as well as the Compression Engines. However, due to lack of lubrication properties, jet fuel will damage the engine.

  

The second factor that should be considered is that jet fuel has high heat content but car engines are not designed for it. Jet fuel does not vaporize very easily which creates problem in ignition in case of spark ignition engine.

It will be similar case of using diesel in a petrol engine. Some engines might endure this combination of fuels for some time, followed by misfires and eventually coming to a halt. Due to heavy nature of the Jet fuel, it will damage the fuel pump and the engine at large.

According to Manuel Martinez-Sanchez, an aeronautics and astronautics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the diesel engine might work using liquid Hydrogen. However, the temperature it requires is a staggering –432°F, hence the car engine would eventually freeze. Unfortunately, cars are not meant to go faster on Jet Fuel.

In conclusion, the car wouldn’t start in case of spark-ignition engines, wouldn’t run, and might catch fire. It might run for a small duration in case of diesel engines, but not without causing long-term damage.

IMPORTANT TERMS OF MEASUREMENT PROCESS EXPLAINED !!

1.Sensitivity 

It should be noted that sensitivity is a term associated with the measuring equipment whereas accuracy and precision are association with measuring process. Sensitivity means the ability of a measuring device to detect small differences in a quantity being measured. For instance if a very small change in voltage applied to 2 voltmeters results in a perceptible change in the indication of one instrument and not in the other. Then the former (A0 is send to be more sensitive. Numerically it can be determined in this way for example if on a dial indicator the scale spacing is 1.0 mm and the scale division value is 0.01 mm then sensitivity =100. it is also called amplification factor or gearing ratio.

2.Readability

Readability refers to the case with which the readings of a measuring instrument can be read. It is the susceptibility of a measuring device to have its indication converted into more meaningful number. Fine and widely spaced graduation lines ordinarily improve the readability. If the graduation lines are very finely spaced the scale will be more readable by using the microscope however with naked eye the readability will be poor.

In order to make micrometer more readable they are provided with vernier scale. It can also be improve by using magnifying devices.

3.Repeatability

It is the ability of the measuring instrument to repeat the same results when measurement are

carried out

• By same observer
• With the same instrument
• Under the same conditions
• Without any change in location
• Without change in the method of measurement
• And the measurement is carried out in short interval of time.

It may be expressed quantitatively in terms of dispersion of the results.

4. Reproducibility

Reproducibility is the consistency of pattern of variation in measurement i.e closeness of the agreement between the results of measurement of the same quantity when individual measurement are carried out

1. By different observer
2. By different methods
3. Using different instruments
4. Under different condition, location and times.

It may also be expressed quantitatively in terms of dispersion of the results.

5.Calibration

• The calibration of any measuring instrument is necessary for the sake of accruing of measurement process. It is the process of framing the scale of the instrument by applying some standard (known) signals calibration is a pre-measurement process generally carried out by manufactures.
• It is carried out by making adjustment such that the read out device produces zero output for zero measured input similarly it should display output equipment to the known measured input near the full scale input value.
• If accuracy is to be maintained the instrument must be checked and recalibration if necessary.
• As far as possible the calibration should be performed under similar environmental condition with the environment of actual measurement

6.Magnification

Magnification means increasing the magnitude of output signal of measuring instrument many times to make it more readable. The degree of magnification should bear some relation to the accuracy of measurement desired and should not be larger than necessary. Generally the greater the magnification the smaller is the range of measurement.

FUEL INJECTOR IN PETROL ENGINE!! WHY ??

Now a days petrol engines are equipped with fuel injectors instead of carburetors which used to mix air and fuel and then send into combustion chamber.Why are we doing this and what is this technology known as,we will explore this in this post.

In petrol engines, air and fuel are mixed by carburetor and then sent into combustion chamber which is then ignited by spark plug.The problem with carburetor is that it is less efficient because it can not make mixture properly during varying driving conditions and at high altitudes.So,a technology was introduced that injects the fuel directly into combustion chamber like diesel engine and this mixture is ignited by spark plug.This technology is known as GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION.

Working of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI):

An engine equipped with GDI has ECU(Electronic Control Unit) and various sensors.These sensors in the engine keeps an eye on various conditions of the engine like engine speed, temperature, load, intake air, exhaust air etc.

 Based on all these sensors ECU calculates the fuel flow.There is a high pressure petrol/gasoline rail or line, which is connected with injector, so all the injectors have fuel at same pressure. These injectors put fuel directly into engine cylinder as and when instructed by the ECU.In GDI, the fuel injection of gasoline takes place directly in individual cylinders of the engine and not in a common intake manifold as in case of MPFI. This improves the engine efficiency as well as the performance. GDI is also known by many other names like DGCI, CGI etc.

Advantages of GDI:

1. The calculations done are very quick and direct injection into the cylinder makes the running of engine extremely efficient as compared with carburettor or MPFI.
2. GDI engines support Ultra Lean Burn technology in which the engine is fed with very little gasoline when the load on the engine is very low.This results in better fuel economy.
3. It results in complete combustion of fuel which results in low pollution and emissions.
4. Better acceleration.

Limitations of GDI:

1. Cost is slightly high as compared to carburetor vehicle.
2. Skilled person is required for maintenance as it contains sensors and ECU.

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT UNIT AND UNIT CONVERSION !!

A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity.For example, a length is a physical quantity. The metre is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length. When we say 10 metres (or 10 m), we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined length called "metre". 

UNIT CONVERSION 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALIGNMENT AND BALANCING EXPLAINED !!

Alignment and balancing are two words that we hear too often whenever we go for a servicing of our car but very few understand the difference between the two. These are closely related concepts that make sure that you are safe while driving and do not face a mishap on road because of faulty alignment of tires or if the balancing of tires is not perfect. Let us clarify the two concepts so you know what you need when there is any trouble with the wheels of your car.

Balancing

Balancing is necessary as with constant rotation, tire becomes unbalanced. Out of balance tires cause vibration of the vehicle, and at higher speeds, the risk of a mishap greatly increases. Balancing of tires is therefore imperative after every 12-15 thousand miles of run. Balancing also ensures that your tires have a longer life as wear of tires is greatly reduced with balancing.

Alignment

All tires of a new car are perfectly aligned which means that they all point in one direction. This ensures that no tire unduly pushes out or pulls inward causing trouble for the vehicle. If the wheels are perfectly aligned the tires not only have a longer life, you also get better mileage. This also eases pressure on the suspension of the automobile, and in general gives more driving pleasure.

Difference between Alignment and Balancing

Though balancing and alignment are different, they have a bearing on the state of the car which is low mileage and an increased probability of a mishap. Wheel balancing is done on an automated machine which corrects minor imbalances of wheel assembly. On the other hand wheel alignment is a process that ensures that angles of caster, camber and toe are correct. In simple words, it makes the tires point in a single direction.

In brief:

• Alignment and balancing are important for your safety and wear of the tires of your car

• Balancing corrects any imbalance of tires or wheels while alignment ensures that your wheels point in the same direction

• If both wheel balancing and alignment are regularly done, tires have a longer life and you get more mileage from your car

GEAR TERMINOLOGY EXPLAINED !!

Face of tooth:It is defined as the surface of the tooth above the pitch circle is known as face.

Flank of tooth:The surface of the tooth below the pitch circle is known as flank.

Top land:The top most surface of the tooth is known as the top land of the tooth.

Face width:Width of the tooth is known as face width.

Pitch Circle:It is an imaginary circle which is in pure rolling action. The motion of the gear is describe by the pitch circle motion.

Pitch Circle diameter:The diameter of the pitch circle from the center of the gear is known as pitch circle diameter. The gear diameter is described by its pitch circle diameter.

Pitch point:When the two gears are in contact, the common point of both of pitch circle of meshing gears is known as pitch point.

Pressure angle or angle of obliquity:Pressure angle is the angle between common normal to the pitch circle to the common tangent to the pitch point.

Addendum:Distance between the pitch circle to the top of the tooth in radial direction is known as addendum.

Dedendum:Distance between the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth in radial direction, is known as dedendum of the gear.

Addendum circle:The circle passes from the top of the tooth is known as addendum circle. This circle is concentric with pitch circle.

Dedendum circle:The circle passes from the bottom of the tooth is known as dedendum circle. This circle is also concentric with pitch circle and addendum circle.

Circular pitch:The distance between a point of a tooth to the same point of the adjacent tooth, measured along circumference of the pitch circle is known as circular pitch. It is plays measure role in gear meshing. Two gears will mesh together correctly if and only they have same circular pitch.

Diametrical pitch:The ratio of the number of teeth to the diameter of pitch circle in millimeter is known as diametrical pitch.

Module:The ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to the total number of teeth is known as module. It is reciprocal of the diametrical pitch.

Clearance:When two gears are in meshing condition, the radial distance from top of a tooth of one gear to the bottom of the tooth of another gear is known as clearance. The circle passes from the top of the tooth in meshing condition is known as clearance angle.

Total depth:The sum of the addendum and dedendum of a gear is known as total depth. It is the distance between addendum circle to the dedendum circle measure along radial direction.

Working depth:The distance between addendum circle to the clearance circle measured along radial direction is known as working depth of the gear.

Tooth thickness:Distance of the tooth measured along the circumference of the pitch circle is known as tooth thickness.

Tooth space:Distance between the two adjacent tooth measured along the circumference of the pitch circle is known as the tooth space.

Backlash:It is the difference between the tooth thickness and the tooth space. It prevents jamming of the gears in meshing condition.

Profile:It is the curved formed by the face and flank is known as profile of the tooth. Gear tooth are generally have cycloidal or involute profile.

Path of contact:The curved traced by the point of contact of two teeth form beginning to the end of engagement is known as path of contact.

Arc of contact:It is the curve traced by the pitch point form the beginning to the end of engagement is known as arc of contact.

Arc of approach:The portion of the path of contact from beginning of engagement to the pitch point is known as arc of approach.

Arc of recess:The portion of the path of contact form pitch point to the end of the engagement is known as arc of recess.

ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHT SYSTEM EXPLAINED !!

Adaptive Headlight System :-

Suppose you are driving home from a weekend vacation. It's late at night, and the winding two-lane road has no streetlights. You approach a curve at 40 mph -- slow enough to make the turn, but too fast to stop suddenly if you need to. 
In this case what would you do ?

One option is to slow down your vehicle and look what is in front as headlights are focusing in straight line.

Second option is to go with adaptive headlight system.

Standard headlights shine straight ahead, no matter what direction the car is moving. When going around curves, they illuminate the side of the road more than the road itself. Similarly, when a vehicle with standard headlights crests a hill, the headlight beams temporarily point upwards towards the sky. This makes it difficult for drivers to see the road ahead and for oncoming motorists to see the driver approaching.Adaptive headlights react to the steering, speed and elevation of the car and automatically adjust to illuminate the road ahead. When the car turns right, the headlights angle to the right. Turn the car left, the headlights angle to the left. This is important not only for the driver of the car with adaptive headlights, but for other drivers on the road as well. The glare of oncoming headlights can cause serious visibility problems. Since adaptive headlights are directed at the road, the incidence of glare is reduced.

A car with adaptive headlights uses electronic sensors to detect the speed of the car, how far the driver has turned the steering wheel, and the yaw of the car. Yaw is the rotation of the car around the vertical axis -- when a car is spinning, for example, its yaw is changing. The sensors direct small electric motors built into the headlight casing to turn the headlights. A typical adaptive headlight can turn the lights up to 15 degrees from center, giving them a 30-degree range of movement.

Adaptive headlights also benefit other motorists on the road. For example, when a vehicle turns around a bend in low-light conditions, standard headlights will temporarily point directly at oncoming traffic. This can lead to discomfort and temporary blindness for oncoming motorists. This problem is avoided with adaptive headlights, since their beams stay on the road and do not point at oncoming traffic. In addition, since headlight beams to not point at other motorists, it is safe for drivers who own a vehicle with adaptive headlights to use bi-xenon lights. Emitting a slightly blue-ish tint, these lights are brighter than standard lights and offer a clearer, more distinct view of the road ahead.