It was in 1969, Sriharikota, which houses the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) or Sriharikota High Altitude Range (SHAR), was chosen as a satellite launching station. Several factors were taken into consideration while selecting Sriharikota as India's ideal satellite launchpad.
1.) Equatorial Equation: Most satellites orbit the earth around the equator, and Southern India is closer to the equator than other regions of the country. So launching from here saves expensive rocket fuel.
3.) Stable geographical platform: One of the major criteria for the selection of launchpad is a stable platform which means soil should be strong, with the hard rock below it. This is done to withstand intense vibrations produced during the rocket launch. Sriharikota meets this criterion making it an ideal launchpad.
4.) Velocity: Since the earth rotates from west to east, in order to use the rotation as a boost and to not rather spend precious fuel against it, the rocket needs to launch eastwards. So launching a satellite in an eastward direction, as close to the equator as possible, gives the launch vehicle, or the space equivalent of the discus, extra thrust. This, in turn, saves precious rocket fuel.
Over the years, ISRO has had 60 tech-development launches, 87 Indian spacecraft launches, 8 student satellite launches, 2 re-entry missions, and 180 foreign satellites- from 23 countries- lift-offs from Sriharikota.
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